The Nightingale - Revision history

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	==Composition==		==Composition==
	In a letter of 8/20 January 1889, [[Fyodor Becker]] approached Tchaikovsky with a commission to write two secular choruses for a choral concert to be given by the Imperial Opera <ref name="note1"/>. One of these was an arrangement of the ''Legend'' (No. 5 of the [[Sixteen Songs for Children, Op. 54]], and the other was a new chorus entitled ''The Nightingale'', to the composer's own words.		In a letter of 8/20 January 1889, [[Fyodor Becker]] approached Tchaikovsky with a commission to write two secular choruses for a choral concert to be given by the Imperial Opera <ref name="note1"/>. One of these was an arrangement of the ''Legend'' (No. 5 of the [[Sixteen Songs for Children, Op. 54]]), and the other was a new chorus entitled ''The Nightingale'', to the composer's own words.

	On 12/24 January Tchaikovsky gave the score of ''The Nightingale'' to [[Pyotr Jurgenson]], who was visiting the composer at [[Frolovskoye]] <ref name="note2"/>. On 18/30 January 1889, before departing for [[Saint Petersburg]], and then on abroad, Tchaikovsky wrote to [[Jurgenson]]: "Don't forget to send ''[[Becker]]'' my chorus' <ref name="note3"/>. On 21 January/2 February 1889 the publisher replied: "[[Becker]]'s chorus is being copied out", and on 26 January/7 February reported: "The chorus for [[Becker]] has been copied out" <ref name="note4"/>.		On 12/24 January, Tchaikovsky gave the score of ''The Nightingale'' to [[Pyotr Jurgenson]], who was visiting the composer at [[Frolovskoye]] <ref name="note2"/>. On 18/30 January 1889, before departing for [[Saint Petersburg]], and then on abroad, Tchaikovsky wrote to [[Jurgenson]]: "Don't forget to send ''[[Becker]]'' my chorus' <ref name="note3"/>. On 21 January/2 February 1889 the publisher replied: "[[Becker]]'s chorus is being copied out", and on 26 January/7 February reported: "The chorus for [[Becker]] has been copied out" <ref name="note4"/>.

	==Performances==		==Performances==

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'''''The Nightingale''''' (Соловушко) is a chorus written by Tchaikovsky at [[Frolovskoye]] in January 1889 ([[TH]] 84 ; [[ČW]] 73).

==Instrumentation==
Scored for unaccompanied mixed chorus (SATB).

==Movements and Duration==
There is one movement: Andante molto (D major, 72 bars), lasting around 4 minutes in performance.

==Text==
The words were written by the composer.

==Composition==
In a letter of 8/20 January 1889, [[Fyodor Becker]] approached Tchaikovsky with a commission to write two secular choruses for a choral concert to be given by the Imperial Opera <ref name="note1"/>. One of these was an arrangement of the ''Legend'' (No. 5 of the [[Sixteen Songs for Children, Op. 54]], and the other was a new chorus entitled ''The Nightingale'', to the composer's own words.

On 12/24 January Tchaikovsky gave the score of ''The Nightingale'' to [[Pyotr Jurgenson]], who was visiting the composer at [[Frolovskoye]] <ref name="note2"/>. On 18/30 January 1889, before departing for [[Saint Petersburg]], and then on abroad, Tchaikovsky wrote to [[Jurgenson]]: "Don't forget to send ''[[Becker]]'' my chorus' <ref name="note3"/>. On 21 January/2 February 1889 the publisher replied: "[[Becker]]'s chorus is being copied out", and on 26 January/7 February reported: "The chorus for [[Becker]] has been copied out" <ref name="note4"/>.

==Performances==
''The Nightingale'' was performed for the first time in a concert of the Imperial Opera in [[Saint Petersburg]] on 19/31 March 1889, conducted by [[Fyodor Becker]]. It received its premiere in [[Moscow]] on 13/25 December 1892 at a Russian Choral Society concert, conducted by [[Anton Arensky]].

==Publication==
The chorus was published by [[Pyotr Jurgenson]] in December 1889 <ref name="note5"/>, and it was included in volume 43 of Tchaikovsky's ''[[Complete Collected Works]]'' (1941), edited by Ivan Shishov and Nikolay Shemanin.

==Autographs==
Tchaikovsky's manuscript score of ''The Nightingale'' has been lost.

==Recordings==
{{reclink}}

==Dedication==
''The Nightingale'' is dedicated to the Chorus of the Imperial Opera in [[Saint Petersburg]].

==External Links==
* {{imslpscore|The_Nightingale_(Tchaikovsky,_Pyotr)|The Nightingale}}

==Notes and References==
<references>
<ref name="note1">Letter from [[Fyodor Becker]] to Tchaikovsky, 8/20 January 1889 — [[Klin]] House-Museum Archive.</ref>
<ref name="note2">See {{bib|1923/23|Дневники П. И. Чайковского}} (1923), p. 220.</ref>
<ref name="note3">[[Letter 3373]] to [[Pyotr Jurgenson]], 18/30 January 1889.</ref>
<ref name="note4">Letters from [[Pyotr Jurgenson]] to Tchaikovsky, 21 January/2 February and 26 January/7 February 1889.</ref>
<ref name="note5">Passed by the censor on 15/27 December 1889.</ref>
</references>
[[Category:Choruses]]