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| Tchaikovsky's student '''''Overture''''' in C minor (TH 38 ; ČW 36) was composed during the summer of 1865 at [[Kamenka]], and orchestrated in January 1866 in [[Moscow]].
| | {{picture|file=Dmitry Bortnyansky.jpg|caption='''Dmitry Bortnyansky''' (1751-1825)}} |
| | Russian composer and conductor of Ukrainian extraction (b. 16/28 October 1751 in Glukhov [now Hlukhiv]; d. 28 September/10 October 1825 in [[Saint Petersburg]]), born '''''Dmitry Stepanovich Bortnyansky''''' (Дмитрий Степанович Бортнянский), also known as '''''Dmitro Bortnyansky'''''. |
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| ==Instrumentation==
| | In 1881, Tchaikovsky was asked by his publisher [[Jurgenson]] to edit and make solo piano arrangements of Bortnyansky's [[Complete Church Music (Bortnyansky)|Complete Church Music]], which was published in ten volumes between December 1881 and February 1883. Tchaikovsky found the task uninspiring. "I am editing Bortnyansky's Complete Works for an edition undertaken by [[Jurgenson]]", he wrote to [[Adolph Brodsky]] in April 1882. "Since the generous Pyotr Ivanovich is paying me magnificently for my editorial work, I shouldn't be complaining, but Bortnyansky's works are so poor in content, there are so many of them and so monotonous are they, that from time to time I sink into profound despair!" <ref name="note1"/> |
| The Overture is scored for an orchestra consisting of piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets (in B-flat), 2 bassoons + 4 horns (in F, E), 2 trumpets (C, D), 3 trombones, tuba + timpani + violins I, violins II, violas, cellos, and double basses, with optional cymbals and bass drum.
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| ==Duration==
| | When [[Jurgenson]] asked him to arrange more of Bortnyansky's choral works in March 1883, Tchaikovsky quickly declined, pleading that he was too busy with more important tasks <ref name="note2"/>. |
| There is one movement: Andante—Allegro vivo (C minor, 662 bars), which lasts around 15 minutes in performance.
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| ==Composition== | | ==Bibliography== |
| No information survives concerning the process of composing the Overture. In a letter to his brothers [[Anatoly]] and [[Modest]] of 10/22 January 1866, Tchaikovsky reports on his work on the instrumentation: "I've orchestrated the greater part of my summer overture, and to my horror it's turning out to be terribly long, which I didn't expect at all" <ref name="note1"/>.
| | * {{bib|1996/40}} (1996) |
| | | * {{bib|2013/37}} (2013) |
| As [[Nikolay Kashkin]] recalled, soon after Tchaikovsky's move to [[Moscow]], [[Nikolay Rubinstein]] asked if any of his compositions could be performed in the 1866 concert season, and Tchaikovsky suggested his Overture in C minor <ref name="note2"/>. [[Nikolay Rubinstein|Rubinstein]] considered that it could not possibly be performed <ref name="note3"/>.
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| On 19/31 January 1866, Tchaikovsky sent the manuscript to [[Herman Laroche]] in [[Saint Petersburg]] so that the latter might submit it to [[Anton Rubinstein]] for performance <ref name="note4"/>. But [[Anton Rubinstein]]'s judgement on the Overture was also unfavourable <ref name="note5"/>. Subsequently the composer himself made the following note on the front of the full score: "''Overture'', written in [[Moscow]] in January 1866 and played nowhere (loathsome rubbish!)".
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| References to the Overture in C minor are also encountered in [[Sergey Taneyev]]'s letters to [[Modest Tchaikovsky]] from 1896 and 1897. For instance, on 23 July/4 August 1897, [[Taneyev]] reported that: "I have now found the manuscript of the overture that you wrote about, in C minor (with the episode from the overture to ''[[The Storm]]'')... and I can show it to you on your arrival" <ref name="note6"/>.
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| ==Performances==
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| The Overture was only performed for the first time on 12 October 1931 in Voronezh, conducted by Konstantin Saradzhev, professor of the [[Moscow]] State Conservatory <ref name="note7"/>. Saradzhev also directed a performance in [[Kiev]] the following year, as well as the [[Moscow]] premiere at the Radiotheatre Centre on 30 July 1934.
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| ==Publication==
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| The Overture was not published during Tchaikovsky's lifetime. It was printed for the first time in 1952 in volume 21 of Tchaikovsky's ''[[Complete Collected Works]]'', edited by Pavel Lamm.
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| ==Autographs==
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| Tchaikovsky's manuscript score is now preserved in the [[Klin]] House-Museum Archive (a{{sup|1}}, No. 50).
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| ==Recordings==
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| ==Related Works==
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| The Overture's introduction (bars 1–90) is an extended version of the corresponding section from his earlier overture to ''[[The Storm]]'' (1864); this passage was later re-used in the ''Entr'acte'' to Act II of the opera ''[[The Voyevoda (opera)|The Voyevoda]]''.
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| The central theme of the Overture (bars 176–247) was re-used in Act I (No. 7) of ''[[The Voyevoda (opera)|The Voyevoda]]'' <ref name="note8"/>
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| ==External Links== | | ==External Links== |
| * {{imslpscore|Overture_in_C_minor_(Tchaikovsky,_Pyotr)|Overture in C minor}} | | * [[wikipedia:Dmitry_Bortniansky|Wikipedia]] |
| | * {{IMSLP|Bortniansky,_Dmytro}} |
| | * {{viaf|39561085}} |
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| ==Notes and References== | | ==Notes and References== |
| <references> | | <references> |
| <ref name="note1">[[Letter 78]] to [[Anatoly]] and [[Modest Tchaikovsky]], 10/22 January 1866.</ref> | | <ref name="note1">[[Letter 2008]] to [[Adolph Brodsky]], 15/27 April 1882.</ref> |
| <ref name="note2">{{bib|1896/17|Воспоминания о П. И. Чайковском}} (1896), pp. 17–18.</ref> | | <ref name="note2">See [[Letter 2242]] to Pyotr Jurgenson, 20 March/1 April 1883.</ref> |
| <ref name="note3">{{bib|1900/35|Жизнь Петра Ильича Чайковского ; том 1}} (1900), p. 225.</ref>
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| <ref name="note4">See letter from [[Herman Laroche]] to Tchaikovsky, 27 January/8 February 1866 — [[Klin]] House-Museum Archive (а<sup>4</sup>, No. 2166).</ref>
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| <ref name="note5">{{bib|1900/35|Жизнь Петра Ильича Чайковского ; том 1}} (1900), pp. 225–226.</ref>
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| <ref name="note6">Letter from [[Sergey Taneyev]] to [[Modest Tchaikovsky]], 23 July/4 August 1897 — [[Klin]] House-Museum Archive (б<sup>10</sup>, No. 5791).</ref>
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| <ref name="note7">See letter from Konstantin Saradzhev to Nikolay Zhegin, 29 December 1938 — [[Klin]] House-Museum Archive (дм<sup>8</sup>, No. 168).</ref>
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| <ref name="note8">The manuscript score of the Overture contains the composer's pencil sketches for the added vocal parts in this passage.</ref>
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| </references> | | </references> |
| [[Category:Orchestral Music]] | | [[Category:People|Bortnyansky, Dmitry]] |
| | [[Category:Composers|Bortnyansky, Dmitry]] |
| | [[Category:Conductors|Bortnyansky, Dmitry]] |
Dmitry Bortnyansky (1751-1825)
Russian composer and conductor of Ukrainian extraction (b. 16/28 October 1751 in Glukhov [now Hlukhiv]; d. 28 September/10 October 1825 in Saint Petersburg), born Dmitry Stepanovich Bortnyansky (Дмитрий Степанович Бортнянский), also known as Dmitro Bortnyansky.
In 1881, Tchaikovsky was asked by his publisher Jurgenson to edit and make solo piano arrangements of Bortnyansky's Complete Church Music, which was published in ten volumes between December 1881 and February 1883. Tchaikovsky found the task uninspiring. "I am editing Bortnyansky's Complete Works for an edition undertaken by Jurgenson", he wrote to Adolph Brodsky in April 1882. "Since the generous Pyotr Ivanovich is paying me magnificently for my editorial work, I shouldn't be complaining, but Bortnyansky's works are so poor in content, there are so many of them and so monotonous are they, that from time to time I sink into profound despair!" [1]
When Jurgenson asked him to arrange more of Bortnyansky's choral works in March 1883, Tchaikovsky quickly declined, pleading that he was too busy with more important tasks [2].
Bibliography
External Links
Notes and References
