Nikolay Kashkin and Marie von Bülow: Difference between pages

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{{picture|file=Nikolay Kashkin.jpg|caption='''Nikolay Kashkin''' (1839-1920)}}
{{picture|file=Marie von Bülow.jpg|caption='''Marie von Bülow''' (1857-1941)}}
Russian musician, teacher, music critic, and friend and colleague of Tchaikovsky (b. 27 November/9 December 1839 in Voronezh; d. 15 March 1920 in [[Kazan]]), born '''''Nikolay Dmitriyevich Kashkin''''' (Николай Дмитриевич Кашкин).
German actress (b. 12 February 1857 in [[Vienna]]; d. 30 August 1941 in [[Berlin]]), born '''''Marie Schanzer'''''.


==Tchaikovsky and Kashkin==
The Schanzer family was from Krakow in Poland. Marie's father, Stanislaus Schanzer, rose to become Minister of Defence in Austria. After training as an actress, Marie secured her first engagement in Karlsruhe, where [[Hans von Bülow]] saw her for the first time in 1877, in the title-role of Lessing's comedy'' Minna von Barnhelm''. She subsequently became an actress at the court theatre in Meiningen, where she played leading roles in plays by [[Schiller]], [[Goethe]], and [[Shakespeare]]. In July 1882 Marie became the second wife of [[Bülow]], who was then also based in Meiningen, building the court orchestra into one of the finest ensembles in Germany. [[Bülow]] had hoped that after remarrying he would be invited to the second [[Bayreuth]] Festival that summer for the premiere of ''Parsifal'' (through several fund-raising recitals he had raised 50,000 francs for the festival). This did not work out, however, as [[Bülow]] was informed that his presence in [[Bayreuth]] would be unwelcome to his former wife Cosima and [[Wagner]].
Nikolay Kashkin did not come from a musical family (he was the son of a bookseller), but he taught himself music, and by the age of thirteen he was giving piano lessons. In 1860 he studied piano under [[Aleksandr Dubuque]], and in 1863 he became a tutor in the musical classes arranged by the Russian Musical Society. In 1865 he married [[Yelizaveta Kashkina|Yelizaveta Kulneva]].


When the [[Moscow]] Conservatory opened in 1866, he worked alongside Tchaikovsky as professor of piano and of music theory and history, serving from 1866 to 1896 and from 1905 to 1908.
With [[Bülow]]'s approval, Marie continued to appear on the stage after their marriage, but at the end of 1884 intrigues by the Duke of Meiningen's consort, who was envious of Marie's beauty and talent, led to her dismissal from the court theatre's company. Marie now dedicated herself fully to creating a home for her husband, whom she supported throughout all the conflicts that his outspoken character got him into. She also looked after him during his attacks of intense neuralgic pain. In the summer of 1887 they moved to [[Hamburg]], from where [[Bülow]] would travel regularly to [[Berlin]] in order to attend to his duties as principal conductor of the newly-founded Philharmonic Orchestra.


He was a prolific music critic, contributing primarily to the ''Russian Register'' (Русские ведомости) and the ''Moscow Register'' (Московские ведомости), sometimes under the pseudonym "Nikolay Dmitriyev" (Николай Дмитриев). He also produced a number of books on Russian music, as well as some of the earliest reminiscences about Tchaikovsky.
Marie seems to have become first acquainted with Tchaikovsky when she accompanied her husband to Russia, where he had been invited by the Musical Society to appear in a number of concerts in the 1885-86 season. On 15/27 March 1886, [[Bülow]] conducted and was the soloist in Tchaikovsky's [[Piano Concerto No. 1]] at a concert in [[Saint Petersburg]] which was attended by the composer. Later that evening, Tchaikovsky visited the Bülows at the apartment they were renting in the Imperial capital <ref name="note1"/>. Tchaikovsky met Marie again during his first concert tour to Western Europe, where, after [[Leipzig]], [[Hamburg]] was the second German city at which he conducted a concert of his works on 20 January 1888 {{NS}}. Four days later, Tchaikovsky wrote to her from [[Magdeburg]] in connection with a letter of recommendation addressed to [[Bülow]] which he had given to the young violinist [[Willy Burmester]] in [[Hamburg]] <ref name="note2"/>.


Nikolay Kashkin was a close friend of Tchaikovsky, and did much to promote his music.
In January 1894, Marie accompanied her husband to Cairo, where he was hoping to receive treatment at a German-run sanatorium. The great musician died a few weeks later, though. After [[Bülow]]'s death, Marie set about the task of collecting and publishing his letters and articles (a task which she completed in 1908). She also made a tentative return to acting and appeared in minor roles in some thirty silent movies, including Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau's first film ''Der Knabe in Blau'' (1919). Marie founded a charitable salon in her [[Berlin]] home in 1914, with the proceeds from recitals going to the families of soldiers killed during World War I. On 8 January 1930, the 100th anniversary of [[Hans von Bülow]]'s birth was commemorated with a number of concerts in [[Berlin]]. The next day, the [[Dresden]] Philharmonic Orchestra broadcast a memorial concert, after which Marie herself delivered a radio address about her husband's life and work.
 
==Dedications==
In 1869, Tchaikovsky dedicated ''Not a Word, O My Friend'' — No. 2 of the [[Six Romances, Op. 6]] — to Nikolay Kashkin.


==Correspondence with Tchaikovsky==
==Correspondence with Tchaikovsky==
6 letters from Tchaikovsky to Nikolay Kashkin have survived, dating from 1877 to 1891, of which those highlighted in bold have been translated into English on this website:
2 letters from Tchaikovsky to Marie von Bülow have survived, dating from 1888, both of which have been translated into English on this website:
* [[Letter 660]] – 26 November/8 December 1877, from [[Vienna]]
* '''[[Letter 3462a]]''' – 7/19 January 1888, from [[Hamburg]]
* [[Letter 1568]] – 21 August/2 September 1880, from [[Kamenka]]
* '''[[Letter 3469]]''' – 12/24 January 1888, from [[Magdeburg]]
* [[Letter 1868]] – 12/24 October 1881, from [[Kamenka]]
* [[Letter 3456]] – 1/13 January–9/21 January 1888, from [[Lübeck]] and [[Hamburg]]
* '''[[Letter 3466]]''' – 10/22 January 1888, from [[Hamburg]]
* '''[[Letter 4286]]''' – 5/17 January 1891, from [[Moscow]]
 
9 letters from Kashkin to the composer, dating from 1879 to 1890, are preserved in the {{RUS-KLč}} at [[Klin]].


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
: ''For Kashkin's writings about Tchaikovsky's music, see also [[Bibliography Index (K)]]''
* {{bib|1913/50}} (1913)
* {{bib|1893/23}} (1893)
* Walker, A. {{und|Hans von Bülow. His Life and Times}} (Oxford University Press, 2010)
* {{bib|1894/6}} (1894)
* {{bib|2016/6}} (2016)
* {{bib|1894/18}} (1894)
* {{bib|1896/17}} (1896)
* {{bib|1897/4}} (1897)
* {{bib|1898/14}} (1898)
* {{bib|1902/11}} (1902)
* {{bib|1902/38}} (1902)
* {{bib|1903/9}} (1903)
* {{bib|1908/21}} (1908)
* {{bib|1918/9}} (1918)
* {{bib|1954/50}} (1954)
* {{bib|1962/45}} (1962)
* {{bib|1962/46}} (1962)
* {{bib|1979/50}} (1979)
* {{bib|1980/70}} (1980)
* {{bib|1983/36}} (1983)
* {{bib|1985/44}} (1985)
* {{bib|1992/27}} (1992)
* {{bib|1992/28}} (1992)
* {{bib|1993/92}} (1993)
* {{bib|1993/93}} (1993)
* {{bib|1993/94}} (1993)
* {{bib|1997/40}} (1997)
* {{bib|1999/44}} (1999)
* {{bib|2000/44}} (2000)


==External Links==
==External Links==
* [[wikipedia:Nikolay_Dimitriyevich_Kashkin|Wikipedia]]
* [[wikipedia:de:Marie_von_Bülow_(Schauspielerin)|Wikipedia]] (German)
* {{viaf|264077982}}


[[Category:People|Kashkin, Nikolay]]
==Notes and References==
[[Category:Correspondents|Kashkin, Nikolay]]
<references>
[[Category:Dedicatees|Kashkin, Nikolay]]
<ref name="note1">Diary entry for 15/27 March 1886. See {{bib|1973/106|The Diaries of Tchaikovsky}} (1973), p. 57.</ref>
[[Category:Friends|Kashkin, Nikolay]]
<ref name="note2">See [[Letter 3469]] to Marie von Bülow, 12/24 January 1888.</ref>
[[Category:Writers|Kashkin, Nikolay]]
</references>
[[Category:People|Bulow, Marie von]]
[[Category:Correspondents|Bulow, Marie von]]
__NOTOC__

Revision as of 19:45, 8 August 2023

Marie von Bülow (1857-1941)

German actress (b. 12 February 1857 in Vienna; d. 30 August 1941 in Berlin), born Marie Schanzer.

The Schanzer family was from Krakow in Poland. Marie's father, Stanislaus Schanzer, rose to become Minister of Defence in Austria. After training as an actress, Marie secured her first engagement in Karlsruhe, where Hans von Bülow saw her for the first time in 1877, in the title-role of Lessing's comedy Minna von Barnhelm. She subsequently became an actress at the court theatre in Meiningen, where she played leading roles in plays by Schiller, Goethe, and Shakespeare. In July 1882 Marie became the second wife of Bülow, who was then also based in Meiningen, building the court orchestra into one of the finest ensembles in Germany. Bülow had hoped that after remarrying he would be invited to the second Bayreuth Festival that summer for the premiere of Parsifal (through several fund-raising recitals he had raised 50,000 francs for the festival). This did not work out, however, as Bülow was informed that his presence in Bayreuth would be unwelcome to his former wife Cosima and Wagner.

With Bülow's approval, Marie continued to appear on the stage after their marriage, but at the end of 1884 intrigues by the Duke of Meiningen's consort, who was envious of Marie's beauty and talent, led to her dismissal from the court theatre's company. Marie now dedicated herself fully to creating a home for her husband, whom she supported throughout all the conflicts that his outspoken character got him into. She also looked after him during his attacks of intense neuralgic pain. In the summer of 1887 they moved to Hamburg, from where Bülow would travel regularly to Berlin in order to attend to his duties as principal conductor of the newly-founded Philharmonic Orchestra.

Marie seems to have become first acquainted with Tchaikovsky when she accompanied her husband to Russia, where he had been invited by the Musical Society to appear in a number of concerts in the 1885-86 season. On 15/27 March 1886, Bülow conducted and was the soloist in Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1 at a concert in Saint Petersburg which was attended by the composer. Later that evening, Tchaikovsky visited the Bülows at the apartment they were renting in the Imperial capital [1]. Tchaikovsky met Marie again during his first concert tour to Western Europe, where, after Leipzig, Hamburg was the second German city at which he conducted a concert of his works on 20 January 1888 [N.S.]. Four days later, Tchaikovsky wrote to her from Magdeburg in connection with a letter of recommendation addressed to Bülow which he had given to the young violinist Willy Burmester in Hamburg [2].

In January 1894, Marie accompanied her husband to Cairo, where he was hoping to receive treatment at a German-run sanatorium. The great musician died a few weeks later, though. After Bülow's death, Marie set about the task of collecting and publishing his letters and articles (a task which she completed in 1908). She also made a tentative return to acting and appeared in minor roles in some thirty silent movies, including Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau's first film Der Knabe in Blau (1919). Marie founded a charitable salon in her Berlin home in 1914, with the proceeds from recitals going to the families of soldiers killed during World War I. On 8 January 1930, the 100th anniversary of Hans von Bülow's birth was commemorated with a number of concerts in Berlin. The next day, the Dresden Philharmonic Orchestra broadcast a memorial concert, after which Marie herself delivered a radio address about her husband's life and work.

Correspondence with Tchaikovsky

2 letters from Tchaikovsky to Marie von Bülow have survived, dating from 1888, both of which have been translated into English on this website:

Bibliography

External Links

Notes and References

  1. Diary entry for 15/27 March 1886. See The Diaries of Tchaikovsky (1973), p. 57.
  2. See Letter 3469 to Marie von Bülow, 12/24 January 1888.