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| {{picture|file=Konstantin Konstantinovich.jpg|caption='''Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich''' (1858-1915)}} | | {{letterhead |
| Russian Grand Duke (b. 10/22 August 1858 in Strelna; d. 2/15 June 1915 in [[Pavlovsk]]), born '''''Konstantin Konstantinovich Romanov''''' (Константин Константинович Романов); also known as Grand Duke '''''Constantine Constantinovich''''', or by his literary cipher "'''''K.R.'''''" (Russian: К.Р.).
| | |Date=23 January/4 February 1886 |
| | |To=[[Yuliya Shpazhinskaya]] |
| | |Place=[[Maydanovo]] |
| | |Language=Russian |
| | |Autograph=[[Klin]] (Russia): {{RUS-KLč}} (a{{sup|3}}, No. 2054) |
| | |Publication={{bibx|1951/53|П. И. Чайковский. С. И. Танеев. Письма}} (1951), p. 290–291<br/>{{bib|1971/89|П. И. Чайковский. Полное собрание сочинений ; том XIII}} (1971), p. 256 |
| | }} |
| | ==Text and Translation== |
| | {{Lettertext |
| | |Language=Russian |
| | |Translator=Alex Carter |
| | |Original text={{right|''23 янв[аря] 1886''}} |
| | {{centre|Многоуважаемая Юлия Петровна!}} |
| | Вы так расточительны на похвалы моей музыке и мне, что я конфужусь и краснею... а главное, начинаю бояться, что чем скорее и лучше Вы меня узнаете, тем сильнее будет разочарование. Политичнее всего было бы вовсе не показываться Вам на глаза, дабы не лишиться незаслуженного высокого места в Вашем мнении, но желание повидать Вас, Софью Михайловну, Юшу превозмогает, и я предваряю Вас, что явлюсь в воскресенье к обеду, если позволите, к 5 часам, а не к 4½. |
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| His Imperial Highness Konstantin Konstantinovich was the second son of [[Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich]] (1827–1892) and his wife Aleksandra Iosifovna (1830–1911) — the daughter of the Duke of Saxe-Altenburg — and a grandson of Russian Emperor Nicholas I.
| | Мне очень совестно, что я несколько расстроил своим приставанием к Ипполиту Васильевичу его предстоящее отдохновение. Пусть лучше позабудет о моем последнем письме и предастся ничем не смущаемому отдыху. |
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| After serving with the Imperial Fleet, Konstantin Konstantinovich joined the Izmaylovsky Regiment of the Imperial Guard, where he served with distinction. He took a great interest in literature, art and music, and became a poet and playwright of some renown under his nom-de-plume "K.R.". He was also an able pianist, and became the Vice-President of the Russian Musical Society in 1892, and the President of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1899.
| | До свидания, добрейшая Юлия Петровна! |
| | {{right|Ваш, П. Чайковский}} |
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| In 1884 he married his second cousin, Princess Elisabeth of Saxe-Altenburg, who became the Grand Duchess Yelizaveta Mavrikyevna (1865–1927), with whom he had nine children.
| | |Translated text={{right|''23 January 1886''}} |
| | {{centre|Most respected [[Yuliya Petrovna]]!}} |
| | Your praise for me and my work is so extravagant as to embarrass me and make me blush ... but most importantly, I am beginning to fear that the sooner and better you come to know me, the stronger your disappointment will be. The most diplomatic approach would be for me not to present myself to you at all, in order not to lose my undeservedly high position in your opinion, but my desire to visit you, Sofya Mikhaylovna and Yusha is greater, and so I shall come to dinner on Sunday, at 5 o'clock if you will permit me, rather than at 4.30. |
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| ==Tchaikovsky and Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich==
| | I am very ashamed that my pestering of [[Ippolit Vasilyevich]] has somewhat disturbed his forthcoming holiday. Better to let him forget about my latest letter and indulge in completely undisturbed relaxation. |
| Tchaikovsky was introduced to the Grand Duke at a soirée given by [[Vera Butakova]] in [[Saint Petersburg]] on 19/31 March 1880, and they maintained a significant correspondence throughout the composer's remaining years. One evening during his stay in [[Saint Petersburg]] in the spring of 1880, while he and [[Apukhtin]] were visiting in the home of his long-time friend [[Vera Butakova|Vera Davydova]], now married to Vice-Admiral Ivan Butakov, [[Vera Butakova|Vera]] suddenly told him that Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich, nephew of [[Alexander II]], desired to meet him and had asked her to arrange it. As he confessed in a letter to [[Modest]], Tchaikovsky was seized with "indescribable terror" <ref name="note1"/>, and although [[Apukhtin]] suggested that [[Vera Butakova|Vera]] should invite the grand duke to come that very evening, he persuaded them with difficulty to put it off. Of course, awe and embarrassment, not displeasure, had caused his terror. But six days later he and the Grand Duke did meet, as described in a letter to [[Nadezhda von Meck]] on 20 March/2 April 1880:
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| {{quote|Yesterday I had to suffer quite roundly. Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich has a son Konstantin Konstantinovich. He is a young man of twenty-two, passionately in love with music and very fond of mine. He wished to make my acquaintance and asked a relative of mine, the wife of Admiral Butakov, to arrange a soirée at which we might meet. Knowing my dislike of crowds and high society, he requested that the evening be intimate, without white tie or tails. It was quite impossible to decline. But the young man proved to be extremely pleasant and very gifted in music. We sat from nine o'clock until two in the morning talking about music. He composes quite nicely, but unfortunately does not have the time to work at it persistently <ref name="note2"/>.}}
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| Describing the same event to [[Modest]], however, Tchaikovsky did not speak of having "suffered". On the contrary, he referred to the Grand Duke as a "wonderful youth," whom everyone was "enchanted" by <ref name="note3"/>. Grand Duke Konstantin also recorded his meeting with the composer in his diary:
| | Until we meet, most kind [[Yuliya Petrovna]]! |
| {{quote|I spent a delightful evening at [[Vera Butakova|Vera Vasilyevna Butakova]]'s. She had promised to acquaint me with Tchaikovsky, our best composer, and invited him. Also present were his brother [[Anatoly]], [[Apukhtin]], and [Prince] Shcherbatov. Pyotr Ilyich looks like a man of thirty-five, though his face and greying hair make him seem older. He is not very tall, quite thin, with a short beard and meek, intelligent eyes. His gestures, way of talking, and indeed his whole appearance show him to be an extremely well brought up, educated, and nice person. He studied at the School of Jurisprudence, was very unhappy in his family life, and now devotes himself exclusively to music. [[Apukhtin]] is famous for his inordinate stoutness and wonderful poetic works, which he will not agree to publish for anything in the world: he remembers and recites them by heart. [[Vera Butakova|Vera Vasilyevna]] asked him to read us something; he suggested ''Venice'', a little known poem of his. It is so good that while he was reciting it, one was constantly afraid that it would soon be over, because one just wanted to hear more and more of it. They got me to play; I very much wanted to play a song by Tchaikovsky, but I was afraid. His brother sings; I accompanied him in ''A Tear Trembles'', then I played ''None But the Lonely Heart'' and afterwards also a romance in B-flat minor <ref name="note4"/>. P. Tchaikovsky was asked to play something from his new, not yet published opera ''[[The Maid of Orleans]]'', and he sat down at the piano and played the prayer chorus <ref name="note5"/>. We were all in raptures about the wonderful music... After supper, [[Apukhtin]] recited a few more of his own verses. We broke up at two [in the morning]. Tchaikovsky made the most agreeable impression on me <ref name="note6"/>.}} | | {{right|Yours, P. Tchaikovsky}} |
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| Grand Duke Konstantin was an unusual figure in the Imperial family. From childhood he had displayed marked inclinations towards literature and the arts, and in addition to his piano playing and musical composition, he had distinguished himself as a minor poet and even a religious dramatist under the pseudonym "K. R." for Konstantin Romanov.
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| Just two days after the soirée at [[Vera Butakova]]'s, Tchaikovsky spent an evening with the young man's father, [[Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich]], brother of the tsar and president of the Russian Musical Society, whom he found "very affectionate and pleasant" <ref name="note7"/>. All this, Tchaikovsky later claimed, was done to increase the chances of ''[[The Maid of Orleans]]'' being accepted for production at the Mariinsky Theatre. "I am making great sacrifices for the opera's sake", he told [[Modest]]. "Things have even reached a point where, on the advice of [[Nápravník]], I am making official visits!!! ... Here on Tuesday there is going to be a concert... made up exclusively of my compositions. Yesterday I was invited to the Chamber Music Society, where [[Auer]] and [[Karl Davydov|Davydov]] played my [[String Quartet No. 2|second string quartet]], and I was given an ovation, which included the presentation of a wreath. This is very flattering, but, my God! how I am tired, how repulsive it is here, and how I am dreaming of my departure from Petersburg as of some impossible happiness! What a lunatic I am to have appreciated so little while abroad the full immensity of the bliss that comes from being free! Here, from morning until late in the night, I am constantly having to go somewhere and see this or that person. It is a tyranny of the most loathsome kind" <ref name="note8"/>.
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| On 30 March/11 April, a few days before leaving the capital, he saw the younger Grand Duke Konstantin once more and described him as "very musical" in a letter to [[Nadezhda von Meck]] <ref name="note9"/>. Again the two talked long into the night. A special bond, suggesting a degree of "elective affinity", was established between the two men, demonstrated after their second meeting by the Grand Duke's extraordinary proposal that Tchaikovsky accompany him on a planned voyage round the world. Loath to give up his freedom for the confinement of a cabin aboard ship for three years and uneasy about the inevitable strain of being continually in such august company, Tchaikovsky declined the tempting offer. But the mutual sympathy of composer and Grand Duke would grow and continue until the end of Tchaikovsky's life. "I am utterly charmed," he wrote to [[Modest]] on 3/15 April, "by this uncommonly likeable person" <ref name="note10"/>. Grand Duke Konstantin for his part was also delighted by the opportunity to continue their acquaintance. "I parted from Tchaikovsky with visible mutual cordiality, just as if we had been acquainted and on friendly terms for a long time," he noted in his diary after their second meeting. "His short-sighted eyes glistened with a kind and affectionate light" <ref name="note11"/>.
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| In early March 1881, Tchaikovsky was in [[Rome]] and also at this time, visiting the Italian capital during a cruise of the Mediterranean with two of his cousins, was the composer's august young friend Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich. Upon learning that Tchaikovsky had arrived in the city, Konstantin had wished to see him at once, and so the very next day after his arrival Tchaikovsky found both himself and the Grand Duke guests at a luncheon at the home of the Russian aristocrat Count Bobrinsky. Then, before he knew it, he found himself invited to dine the following afternoon, on 22 February/6 March, at the Villa Sciarra, where Konstantin was staying with his cousins, the Grand Dukes Sergey and Pavel Aleksandrovich, the two younger sons of the reigning emperor, Alexander II. Tchaikovsky was presented to Sergey and Pavel, and his most august hosts treated him "extremely kindly, affectionately, and attentively". Finding all three grand dukes "very friendly". Summing up for [[Modest]] his impressions of that day, Tchaikovsky wrote that he had been "shown much kindness. I left Villa Sciarra at three in the afternoon and came home on foot" <ref name="note12"/>. On 24 February/8 March, at the dinner at Bobrinsky's in white tie and tails Grand Duke Konstantin, himself an amateur musician and composer, played a lot. The assembled guests also called upon Tchaikovsky to play, as well as trying to draw him into conversations about music, something that he always hated. So friendly had he and the young Konstantin now grown that the Grand Duke asked Tchaikovsky to call him simply by the familiar diminutive "Kostya." The three Russian imperial ships aboard which the Grand Dukes were travelling were anchored at [[Naples]], and on 28 February/12 March, Tchaikovsky headed there to tour the ships and to rest from the bustle of [[Rome]]. In [[Naples]] there was talk of having the composer accompany the Grand Dukes to Athens and Jerusalem. But this was not to be. From [[Saint Petersburg]] on 1/13 March 1881 arrived the tragic news of the assassination of [[Alexander II]], killed with a bomb by members of the radical group called the People's Will. The Grand Dukes left for [[Saint Petersburg]] at once.
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| From 19/31 August to 8/20 September 1886 Tchaikovsky composed the [[Twelve Romances, Op. 60]], which he dedicated to the Tsarina [[Mariya Fyodorovna]]. Grand Duke Konstantin Konstaninovich had agreed to act as his intermediary in requesting the tsarina to accept this dedication. Since their meeting in Italy in the spring of 1881, Tchaikovsky and the Grand Duke had recently met again in [[Saint Petersburg]] on 18/30 March 1886, at a soirée in the house of [[Yuliya Abaza]], a singer and the wife of one of the tsar's ministers. The official permission for this dedication was duly granted, and in his reply the Grand Duke informed Tchaikovsky: "Her Majesty has commanded me to thank you most warmly for the romances, which she found to be 'delightful'" <ref name="note13"/>. As a further token of her gratitude, the tsarina, in March 1887, sent Tchaikovsky "her inscribed portrait in a magnificent frame" <ref name="note14"/>. Once again he was deeply moved by the imperial attention.
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| In a letter to [[Nadezhda von Meck]] on 10/22 November 1886, Tchaikovsky informed her about his contacts with the court:
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| {{quote|In the highest spheres, apart from the Sovereign and the Empress, who are favourably disposed towards me, I have one particular, special patron, namely Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich. During this stay in [[Petersburg]] I saw him quite frequently and called on him. His personality is uncommonly charming. He is a talented poet and quite recently, under the nom-de-plume K. R., a poetry volume of his has been published which is having great success and has had praise lavished on it by all the newspaper and journal critics. He is also devoted to music and has composed several very nice songs. His wife is a very attractive young woman, who, among other things, is notable for the fact that within just two years she has learned to speak and read Russian completely fluently <ref name="note15"/>. Despite all my shyness, especially with people from the high spheres, I felt entirely at ease in the midst of these most likeable august individuals and I derived genuine pleasure from my conversation with them <ref name="note16"/>.}}
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| Although they had exchanged letters before, it was in the autumn of 1886 that Tchaikovsky and his "special patron", Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich, began their active correspondence, which would last seven years, right up to Tchaikovsky's death. The [[Six Romances, Op. 63]], and the chorus ''[[Blessed is He Who Smiles]]'', both written in late 1887, were settings of verses by the Grand Duke. In his library Tchaikovsky had three volumes of poetry by his august friend, two of them with personal inscriptions. The second of these, published in 1886, contains many sketches and notes in the margins which reflect the composer's work on the [[Six Romances, Op. 63|six romances]]. In October 1889, in one of his regular letters from Grand Duke Konstantin, Tchaikovsky received a poem that the Grand Duke had dedicated to him, "O people, you often wounded me so painfully". Reading it, Tchaikovsky felt a feeling "of proud consciousness that a splendid poem... had been created in part as a result of my letters of last year" <ref name="note17"/>. The correspondence between Tchaikovsky and the Grand Duke had, as Tchaikovsky confided to [[Nadezhda von Meck]] at one point, grown "very lively" <ref name="note18"/>. Konstantin often sent his poems to Tchaikovsky for his opinion of them. Of one such poem, entitled "St. Sebastian", Tchaikovsky wrote to [[Nadezhda von Meck]] that he had "praised it on the whole, but frankly criticized certain particulars". The Grand Duke was not in the least offended, on the contrary. "He was very pleased by this [criticism], but defended himself", Tchaikovsky continued in that letter to his benefactress. "And in this way an entire correspondence has sprung up which depicts this man in an uncommonly attractive light. He is not only talented and intelligent, but also surprisingly modest, full of selfless devotion to art and of the noble ambition to distinguish himself not in [military] service, which would be so easy, but in the artistic sphere. He is also a splendid musician—altogether, an exceptionally likeable person" <ref name="note19"/>.
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| The correspondence between Tchaikovsky and his "special patron" was distinguished not only by a genuine amicability but also by an intellectual level rarely matched in Tchaikovsky's letters, apart from those written to select musical colleagues and to [[Nadezhda von Meck]]. His letters to the Grand Duke contain numerous comments on his own work and the creative process and, in the several letters addressed to K.R. the poet, interesting opinions about versification, verse forms, and poetic genres. In his letter of October 1889, Konstantin wrote also that the tsar continued to take an interest in his work and had in fact recently asked Konstantin whether he could play any new works by the composer. "The news that His Majesty has deigned to inquire about me pleases me deeply!!!" responded Tchaikovsky with enthusiasm on 29 October/10 November. "How to interpret His Majesty's question about small pieces? If it is an indirect encouragement for me to compose such pieces, then I shall devote myself to them at the first opportunity." But he had in mind also a far more ambitious project, worthy of an increasingly loyal subject. "I should like terribly to write some grandiose symphony, which would be, as it were, the crowning of my entire creative career, and to dedicate it to His Majesty," he told the Grand Duke. "A vague plan for such a symphony has been floating around in my head for a long time, but a confluence of many favourable circumstances is needed for my design to be carried out. I hope not to die without having fulfilled this intention" <ref name="note20"/>.
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| When Grand Duke Konstantin in September 1893 suggested that Tchaikovsky compose a "requiem" to [[Apukhtin]]'s poem of that name, Tchaikovsky declined. "I am somewhat worried by the fact that my latest symphony, which I have recently completed and which is due to be performed on 16 October (I should awfully like Your Highness to hear it), is suffused by a mood very close to that which pervades Requiem. I think that I have made a good job of this symphony, and I am afraid of repeating myself if I were right now to embark on a composition which has an affinity with its predecessor in terms of spirit and character" <ref name="note21"/>. More than this, Tchaikovsky had no wish to write any requiem whatsoever, whether for [[Apukhtin]] or, as is often suggested in the case of the [[Sixth Symphony]], for himself. "There is another reason, too, why I am reluctant to compose music for any sort of Requiem at all, but I am afraid of touching indelicately upon your religious sentiment", he wrote in his following (and last) letter to the Grand Duke, in which he decisively rejected the latter's proposal. "In the Requiem a lot is said about God the Judge, God the Chastiser, God the Avenger (!!!). Forgive me, Your Highness—but I shall venture to point out that I do not believe in such a God, or at least that such a God could not elicit from me those tears, that rapture, that veneration before the creator and source of all blessings, which would inspire me" <ref name="note22"/>. These letters show once again how favourably disposed Grand Duke Konstantin was towards Tchaikovsky, as well as illustrating the composer's enchanting manner of conversing with his august patron on an equal level.
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| Grand Duke Konstantin was present in the audience at the Hall of the Nobility during the premiere of the [[Sixth Symphony]] in [[Saint Petersburg]] on 16/28 October 1893, and later that evening confided to his diary his impressions of the symphony: "I liked it very much. The introductory Adagio is very sombre and mysterious, and it sounds charming. It transforms into an Allegro which has beautiful passages. The second movement Allegro con grazia is written in 5/8 or 5/4 and it is very lucid and good. The third movement, a kind of Scherzo, has a loud march at the end. And the Finale in the tempo Adagio; it has passages reminiscent of a funeral service. I saw Tchaikovsky in the interval" <ref name="note23"/>.
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| On 23 October/4 November 1893, Grand Duke Konstantin noted in his diary: "I was told that P[yotr] I[lyich] Tchaikovsky has a true Asiatic cholera that began on Thursday and that he is now in a very dangerous condition. His nephew [Bob] [[Vladimir Davydov|Davydov]] is serving as a volunteer in the 4th company. I am very worried about Pyotr Ilyich" <ref name="note24"/>. The next morning, Sunday, 24 October/5 November, he sent [[Modest]] a telegram: "The Grand Duchess and I are very much concerned about Pyotr Ilyich. We would sincerely appreciate any known information regarding his state of health. Please accept my apologies for this awkward request. Konstantin" <ref name="note25"/>. The next day, [[Modest]] sent a telegram to Grand Duke Konstantin informing him of the composer's death. "Pyotr Ilyich died at three o'clock this morning", Konstantin wrote in his diary moments after receiving the telegram. "My heart bleeds. I loved him and respected him as a musician. We were good and genuine friends, and I shall miss him" <ref name="note26"/>.
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| The Grand Duke immediately wired a message of condolence to [[Modest]] from himself and his wife: "This is painfully heart-rending. With deep sorrow we mourn the loss of Pyotr Ilyich. We had long ago come to love him sincerely. May the Lord rest his soul and send comfort to you. Konstantin. Yelizaveta" <ref name="note27"/>. Later that day, Konstantin added in his diary: "For a long time I could not recover after having received the grievous news about Tchaikovsky's death. Another person in the treasury of Russian art is no more. I corresponded with him and I possess not a few of his letters" <ref name="note28"/>. The next day, while at the tsar's residence of [[Gatchina]], near [[Saint Petersburg]], Konstantin noted: "Yesterday morning I was not really myself. I kept lamenting the untimely death of Tchaikovsky. Everyone was struck by it... I tried to write a poem on Tchaikovsky's death, but nothing worked out... The [[Alexander III|Tsar]] and the [[Mariya Fyodorovna|Tsarina]] are very upset by the death of Tchaikovsky" <ref name="note29"/>.
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| The funeral service was attended by Grand Duke Konstantin, Prince Aleksandr of Oldenburg, Government Council member Nikolay Stoyanovsky, Count Vorontsov-Dashkov, other high-ranking officials, and many figures from the musical and artistic world, and men of letters. The Grand Duke recorded his impressions in his diary:
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| {{quote|Yesterday was one month after I received Tchaikovsky's last letter, and now he is already buried. I intentionally went to the city so that I could attend a funeral mass in the Kazan Cathedral... The church was full, only those who had tickets were admitted. For a long while I had not witnessed so solemn a liturgy. They sang the Credo and ''We Hymn Thee'' from the [[Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom|liturgy]] composed by the deceased. I wanted to cry and thought that the dead one could not help hearing his own music that accompanied him to the world beyond. I could not see his face, the coffin was sealed. It was painful, and sad, and solemn, and good in the Kazan Cathedral" <ref name="note30"/>.}}
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| ''{{right|Alexander Poznansky}}''
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| ==Tchaikovsky's Settings of Works by Grand Duke Konstantin==
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| As noted above, the words of all of the [[Six Romances, Op. 63]] (1887) are taken from poems written in 1882 and 1883 by the Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich, which were published in 1886 in his collection Verses by K. R. (Стихотворения К. Р.).
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| Besides the six poems which were eventually used, Tchaikovsky also made sketches for ''Oh No, Don't Love Me Just For My Beauty'' (О нет! За красоту ты не люби меня)—a setting of the poem ''From the German'' (С немецкого)—and ''I Dreamed of You'' (Тебя я видела во сне), which were not subsequently developed.
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| Tchaikovsky's chorus ''[[Blessed is He Who Smiles]]'', also written in 1887, is set to the Grand Duke's poem of the same name.
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| ==Dedications==
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| Tchaikovsky's [[Six Romances, Op. 63]], Op. 63 (1887), which are set to poems by the Grand Duke, are dedicated "to the author of the texts".
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| ==Correspondence with Tchaikovsky==
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| 31 letters from Tchaikovsky to Grand Duke Konstantin have survived, dating from 1880 to 1893, of which the 14 highlighted in bold have been translated into English on this website:
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| * [[Letter 1625]] – 7/19 November 1880, from [[Kamenka]]
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| * '''[[Letter 3043]]''' – 9/21 September 1886, from [[Maydanovo]]
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| * [[Letter 3048]] – 18/30 September 1886, from [[Maydanovo]]
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| * '''[[Letter 3166]]''' – 29 January/10 February 1887, from [[Maydanovo]]
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| * '''[[Letter 3435]]''' – 15/27 December 1887, from [[Saint Petersburg]]
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| * '''[[Letter 3446]]''' – 28 December 1887/9 January 1888, from [[Berlin]]
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| * [[Letter 3564]] – 10/22 May 1888, from [[Frolovskoye]]
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| * '''[[Letter 3574]]''' – 20 May/1 June 1888, from [[Frolovskoye]]
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| * '''[[Letter 3578]]''' – 30 May/11 June 1888, from [[Frolovskoye]]
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| * [[Letter 3589]] – 11/23 June 1888, from [[Frolovskoye]]
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| * '''[[Letter 3651]]''' – 26 August/7 September 1888, from [[Kamenka]]
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| * '''[[Letter 3675]]''' – 21 September/3 October 1888, from [[Frolovskoye]]
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| * '''[[Letter 3685]]''' – 2/14 October 1888, from [[Frolovskoye]]
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| * '''[[Letter 3736]]''' – 1/13 December 1888, from [[Frolovskoye]]
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| * [[Letter 3788]] – 7/19 February 1889, from [[Dresden]]
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| * [[Letter 3802]] – 17 February/1 March 1889, from [[Leipzig]]
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| * [[Letter 3847]] – 1/13 May 1889, from [[Tiflis]]
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| * [[Letter 3872]] – 7/19 June 1889, from [[Frolovskoye]]
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| * [[Letter 3894]] – 2/14 July 1889, from [[Frolovskoye]]
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| * '''[[Letter 3959]]''' – 15/27 October 1889, from [[Moscow]]
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| * '''[[Letter 3966]]''' – 29 October/10 November 1889, from [[Moscow]]
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| * [[Letter 3976]] – 22 November/4 December 1889, from [[Moscow]]
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| * [[Letter 4094]] – 7/19 April 1890, from [[Rome]]
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| * [[Letter 4114]] – 18/30 May 1890, from [[Frolovskoye]]
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| * [[Letter 4195]] – 5/17 August 1890, from [[Frolovskoye]]
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| * '''[[Letter 4276]]''' – 23 December 1890/4 January 1891, from [[Kamenka]]
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| * [[Letter 4352]] – 15/27 March 1891, from [[Paris]]
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| * '''[[Letter 4353]]''' – 15/27 March 1891, from [[Paris]]
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| * '''[[Letter 4531]]''' – 31 October/12 November 1891, from [[Moscow]]
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| * '''[[Letter 5038]]''' – 21 September/3 October 1893, from [[Moscow]]
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| * '''[[Letter 5046]]''' – 26 September/8 October 1893, from [[Klin]]
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| 28 letters from the Grand Duke to Tchaikovsky have survived, dating from 1880 to 1893, of which 23 are in the Manuscript Department of the Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskij Dom) of the {{RUS-SPaa}} in [[Saint Petersburg]], 4 are in the {{RUS-KLč}} at [[Klin]] (a{{sup|4}}, Nos. 1737–1739), and one is in the {{RUS-SPtob}}, in [[Saint Petersburg]].
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| ==Bibliography==
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| * {{bib|1946/25}} (1946)
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| * {{bib|1979/81}} (1979)
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| * {{bib|1994/206}} (1994)
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| * {{bib|1995/111}} (1995)
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| * {{bib|1997/51}} (1997)
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| * {{bib|1999/57}} (1999)
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| * {{bib|1999/63}} (1999)
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| * {{bib|2015/47}} (2015)
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| ==External Links==
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| * [[wikipedia:Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich of Russia|Wikipedia]]
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| ==Notes and References==
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| <references>
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| <ref name="note1">[[Letter 1450]] to [[Modest Tchaikovsky]], 14/26 March 1880.</ref>
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| <ref name="note2">[[Letter 1456]] to [[Nadezhda von Meck]], 20 March/1 April–24 March/5 April 1880.</ref>
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| <ref name="note3">[[Letter 1457]] to [[Modest Tchaikovsky]], 22 March/3 April 1880.</ref>
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| <ref name="note4">The first two songs are Nos. 4 and 6 respectively of the [[Six Romances, Op. 6]]. Tchaikovsky's only romance to date set in the key of B-flat minor was ''At Bedtime'', No. 1 of the [[Six Romances and Songs, Op. 27]].</ref>
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| <ref name="note5">Presumably the 'Chorus of Angels' from the finale of Act I (No. 8).</ref>
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| <ref name="note6">К. R. {{und|Дневники. Воспоминания. Стихи. Письма}} (1998), p. 78-79.</ref>
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| <ref name="note7">[[Letter 1457]] to [[Modest Tchaikovsky]], 22 March/3 April 1880.</ref>
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| <ref name="note8">[[Letter 1454]] to [[Modest Tchaikovsky]], 19/31March 1880.</ref>
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| <ref name="note9">[[Letter 1456]] to [[Nadezhda von Meck]], 3 April/15 April 1880.</ref>
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| <ref name="note10">[[Letter 1468]] to [[Modest Tchaikovsky]], 3/15 April 1880.</ref>
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| <ref name="note11">К. R. {{und|Дневники. Воспоминания. Стихи. Письма}} (1998), p. 81.</ref>
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| <ref name="note12">[[Letter 1693]] to [[Modest Tchaikovsky]], 22 February/6 March 1881.</ref>
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| <ref name="note13">К. R. {{und|Избранная переписка}} (1999), p. 36.</ref>
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| <ref name="note14">[[Letter 3198]] to [[Nadezhda von Meck]], 12 March/24 March 1887.</ref>
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| <ref name="note15">The grand duke's wife was Princess Elisabeth of Saxe-Altenburg.</ref>
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| <ref name="note16">[[Letter 3091]] to [[Nadezhda von Meck]], 10/22 November 1886.</ref>
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| <ref name="note17">[[Letter 3966]] to Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich, 29 October/10 November 1889.</ref>
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| <ref name="note18">[[Letter 3600]] to [[Nadezhda von Meck]], 22 June/4 July 1888.</ref>
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| <ref name="note19">[[Letter 3600]] to [[Nadezhda von Meck]], 22 June/4 July 1888.</ref>
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| <ref name="note20">[[Letter 3966]] to Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich, 29 October/10 November 1889.</ref>
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| <ref name="note21">[[Letter 5038]] to Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich, 21 September/3 October 1893.</ref>
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| <ref name="note22">[[Letter 5046]] to Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich, 26 September/8 October 1893.</ref>
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| <ref name="note23">Quoted in {{bib|1994/149|Последняя болезнь и смерть П. И. Чайковского}} (1994), p. 78.</ref>
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| <ref name="note24">К. R. {{und|Дневники. Воспоминания. Стихи. Письма}} (1998), p. 200.</ref>
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| <ref name="note25">Quoted in {{bib|1994/149|Последняя болезнь и смерть П. И. Чайковского}} (1994), p. 76.</ref>
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| <ref name="note26">К. R. {{und|Дневники. Воспоминания. Стихи. Письма}} ' (1998), p. 201.</ref>
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| <ref name="note27">{{und|Петербургский листок}}, 27 October 1893 {{OS}}.</ref>
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| <ref name="note28">К. R. {{und|Дневники. Воспоминания. Стихи. Письма}} (1998), p. 201.</ref>
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| <ref name="note29">К. R. {{und|Дневники. Воспоминания. Стихи. Письма}} (1998), p. 201.</ref>
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| <ref name="note30">К. R. {{und|Дневники. Воспоминания. Стихи. Письма}} (1998), p. 202.</ref>
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| </references>
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| [[Category:People|Konstantin Konstantinovich]]
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| [[Category:Correspondents|Konstantin Konstantinovich]]
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| [[Category:Dedicatees|Konstantin Konstantinovich]]
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| [[Category:Nobility|Konstantin Konstantinovich]]
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| [[Category:Writers|Konstantin Konstantinovich]]
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| __NOTOC__
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