Symphony No. 2 and Bibliography (1874/44): Difference between pages

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Tchaikovsky's '''''Symphony No. 2''''' in C minor, [[Op.]] 17 ([[TH]] 25 ; [[ČW]] 22) was composed and orchestrated between June and November 1872 (with minor alterations in February or March 1873), and extensively revised in December 1879 and January 1880.
<includeonly>Театр и музыка</includeonly><noinclude> {{bibitem  |id=1874/44  |Title=Театр и музыка |In=Санкт-Петербургские ведомости [Saint Petersburg]  |Edition=14 April 1874 {{OS}} |Imprint=1874    |Format=Article |Language=Russian |Notes=The first production of [[The Oprichnik]] on 12/24 April 1874 at the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg  }}   [[Category:Bibliography (1874)]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Bibliography (1874/044)}}</noinclude>
 
The work's popular (but unofficial) designation as the '''''Little-Russian Symphony''''' (Малороссиская симфония) appears to have been coined by the critic [[Nikolay Kashkin]], on the basis that it included several folk tunes from the Ukraine region, which was then colloquially known as “Little Russia” <ref name="note1"/>.
 
==Instrumentation==
The Symphony is scored for an orchestra comprising piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets (in B-flat, C), 2 bassoons + 4 horns (in F), 2 trumpets (in C), 3 trombones, tuba + 3 timpani, cymbals, bass drum, tam tam + violins I, violins II, violas, cellos, and double basses.
 
==Movements and Duration==
There are four movements:
{|
|'''Revised version''' (1879-80):
<ol style="list-style-type: upper-roman;">
<li>Andante sostenuto — Allegro vivo (C minor, 368 bars)</li>
<li>Andantino marziale, quasi Moderato (E-flat major, 179 bars)</li>
<li>''Scherzo''. Allegro molto vivace (C minor, 482 bars)</li>
<li>''Finale''. Moderato assai — Allegro vivo (C major, 847 bars)</li>
</ol>
| '''Original version''' (1872-73):
<ol style="list-style-type: upper-roman;">
<li>Andante sostenuto — Allegro commodo (C minor, 486 bars) <ref name="note2"/></li>
<li>Andantino marciale (E-flat major, 179 bars)</li>
<li>''Scherzo''. Allegro molto vivace (C minor, 481 bars)</li>
<li>''Finale''. Moderato assai — Allegro vivo (C major, 993 bars)</li>
</ol>
|}
The revised version of the symphony lasts approximately 30 to 35 minutes in performance. The original version is around five minutes longer <ref name="note45"/>.
 
==Composition==
===Original Version (1872-73)===
: ''To hear a virtual performance of the symphony's original version, see "[[First Thoughts]]".
None of Tchaikovsky's surviving letters refer to his intention to compose his Second Symphony, nor are there any surviving drafts or sketches. According to [[Modest Tchaikovsky]], the composer set about composition in June 1872 at [[Kamenka]] <ref name="note3"/>. Tchaikovsky left [[Moscow]] for [[Kamenka]] on 31 May/12 June, and stayed there until 2/14 July. From 6/18–10/22 July he stayed at [[Nizy]], and on 20 July/1 August he arrived at [[Usovo]], where he remained until 14/26 August <ref name="note4"/>. At [[Usovo]], Tchaikovsky resumed work on the Symphony and finished the rough sketches <ref name="note5"/>.
 
The orchestration of the Symphony was apparently begun in September 1872 while the composer was in [[Moscow]] <ref name="note6"/>.
 
The first references to the Symphony begin to appear in Tchaikovsky's letters from November 1872. On 2/14 November, he wrote to [[Modest Tchaikovsky]]: "My conscience is tormenting me for not writing to you — but what can I do when the symphony, which I'm finishing off, has engrossed me so deeply that I'm not able to do anything else. The writing of this work of genius (as [[Nikolay Kondratyev|Nikolay Dmitryevich Kondratyev]] calls my symphony) is nearing its end, and as soon as the parts are ready it will be performed. I think this is my best creation, in terms of perfection of form — a quality which I've hitherto failed to achieve" <ref name="note7"/>.
 
On 15/27 November, in a letter to [[Ivan Klimenko]], Tchaikovsky reported that he had been "frantically busy with the instrumentation of my new symphony, which I am already finishing and copying out...". In the same letter he gave his opinion of the new work: "... I don't think it would be proper for me to start boasting about how pleased I am with it" <ref name="note8"/>.
 
On 22 November/4 December 1872, the composer wrote to [[Ilya Tchaikovsky]]: "I've been slaving over my new symphony, which is now, thank God, finished... Having finished the symphony, I'm now resting" <ref name="note9"/>.
 
Following the first performance on 26 January/7 February 1873, Tchaikovsky made some alterations to the Symphony, in which form it was heard in another concert on 27 March/8 April the same year (see below).
 
===Revised Version (1879-80)===
In 1879, Tchaikovsky's thoughts turned to a more fundamental revision of his old work: "Earlier I went through the whole of my Second Symphony, to which I want to make some fundamental changes", he wrote to [[Pyotr Jurgenson]] from [[Paris]] on 19 November/1 December 1879 <ref name="note10"/>. He reported his intentions at length to [[Nadezhda von Meck]]: "I am engaged in reviewing the symphony, and have found parts of it to be so poor that I have made up my mind to rewrite the first and third movements, to alter the second, and just to shorten the last. And so if all goes well in [[Rome]], I should turn this immature and mediocre symphony into a good one" <ref name="note11"/>.
 
Tchaikovsky began this process on 18/30 December, while in [[Rome]], and on the same day: "Succeeded in writing in rough almost half of the first movement" <ref name="note12"/>.
 
By 21 December 1879/2 January 1880, the rough sketches had been completed, and only the copying out remained <ref name="note13"/>.
 
Writing to [[Sergey Taneyev]], Tchaikovsky set forth a detailed account of all his changes: "The first movement I have written afresh, except for the introduction and coda, which remain as before. The first theme of the Allegro is different, but the previous first theme has been turned into the second. This movement is now more compact, shorter and not so difficult <ref name="note14"/>. If anything deserves the epithet impossible, then it's this first movement in its original form. My God, it's so difficult, noisy, disjointed and confused! The Andante is left unchanged <ref name="note15"/>. The Scherzo is radically altered <ref name="note16"/>. The Finale has received a huge cut <ref name="note17"/>, that is to say, after the big pedal point before the recapitulation of the first theme at the end of the development, I have jumped straight to the second [theme] ... All this is almost completely ready" <ref name="note18"/>.
 
==Arrangements==
"When I was in [[Petersburg]] I played the finale one evening at [[Rimsky-Korsakov]]'s, and the whole company almost tore me to pieces with rapture, and Mrs [[Korsakova]] begged me in tears to let her arrange it for four hands", Tchaikovsky proudly told his brother [[Modest]] in February 1873 <ref name="note19"/>.
 
When his publisher, [[Vasily Bessel]], raised the question of arranging the Symphony for piano duet, Tchaikovsky replied: "Regarding the symphony, I believe it would be best if Mrs [[Korsakova]] took it upon herself to make the arrangement. With the exception of [[Laroche]], I cannot think of anyone else who could do this well, apart from me" — the composer wrote to [[Bessel]] on 21 April/3 May 1873 — "I dislike this task, but in extreme circumstances I would do it myself, so long as you don't want me to finish it ''all'' by the summer" <ref name="note20"/>. However, due to ill health, [[Nadezhda Rimskaya-Korsakova]] withdrew, and Tchaikovsky made the arrangement himself.
 
On 16/28 May 1873, the composer told [[Bessel]] that he was working on the arrangement of the first movement <ref name="note21"/>. On 25 May/6 June, he sent this arrangement to [[Bessel]]. In an accompanying letter, he asked that [[Nadezhda Rimskaya-Korsakova]] should review it and, if necessary, make corrections. Burdened by work on the arrangement, Tchaikovsky asked [[Bessel]] to entrust the remaining movements to [[Nikolay Hubert]] <ref name="note22"/>. On 25 May/6 June, Tchaikovsky left [[Moscow]], and did not return until late August/early September. On 3/15 September he told [[Bessel]]: "I received the symphony, and immediately started work on the arrangement, which I shall be forwarding to you soon" <ref name="note23"/>.
 
After revising the Symphony at the end of 1879, in a letter of 4/16 January 1880, Tchaikovsky told [[Pyotr Jurgenson]] that he had made a piano duet arrangement of the new version. In the same letter he said: "Now I can say, hand on heart, that the symphony is a good work" <ref name="note24"/>.
 
==Performances==
The first performance of the Symphony No. 2 was scheduled for 11/23 January 1873 <ref name="note25"/>. Because of the death on 9/21 January of the patron of the Russian Musical Society, the [[Grand Duchess Yelena Pavlovna]], the symphony concert was postponed, and the Second Symphony was performed for the first time in [[Moscow]] at the seventh Russian Musical Society concert on 26 January/7 February 1873, conducted by [[Nikolay Rubinstein]]. Tchaikovsky shared his impressions of the concert with his [[Ilya Tchaikovsky|father]]: "My symphony was performed here last week with great success; there were many calls for me and bursts of applause. The success was so great that it will be played again at the tenth symphony concert, for which they are already taking subscriptions to present me with a gift. Moreover, the Musical Society gave me 300 silver rubles in royalties for performing the symphony" <ref name="note26"/>.
 
To [[Modest Tchaikovsky]], the composer wrote: "Regarding my symphony, you probably know from the papers; it would be boasting to say that it had great success, and in particular ''The Crane'' [the main theme of the finale] had flattering reviews. The credit for its success I do not ascribe to myself, but to the true composer of the work — ''[[Pyotr Kozidub|Pyotr Gerasimovich]]'' <ref name="note27"/>, who all the time I was composing and playing through ''The Crane'', constantly came up to me and hummed: <ref name="note28"/>.
 
[[File:0289 ex1.jpg|center|400px]]
 
In a letter to [[Vladimir Stasov]] of 27 January/8 February 1873, Tchaikovsky wrote: "Yesterday, at last, my symphony was performed, and had great success, so great that [[Nikolay Rubinstein|Rubinstein]] wants to perform it once more, owing to public demand. To tell the truth, I am not particularly satisfied with the first three movements, but ''The Crane'' itself has not come out too badly... I want to make some changes to the orchestral detail" <ref name="note29"/>. Later he wrote to [[Vasily Bessel]]: "I'm now making a few minor adjustments to it" <ref name="note30"/>.
 
The Second Symphony was heard in its new form at the tenth concert of the Russian Musical Society in [[Moscow]] on 27 March/8 April 1873, conducted by [[Nikolay Rubinstein]], "still with great success", according to [[Modest Tchaikovsky]]. The changes made to the orchestration of the Symphony were "intended to enhance it. The author was applauded for some time after each movement, and at the end was presented with a laurel wreath and a silver tankard" <ref name="note31"/>.
 
The [[Saint Petersburg]] premiere took place at the first Russian Musical Society concert on 23 February/7 March 1874, conducted by [[Eduard Nápravník]]. The Symphony No. 2 was also performed in [[Pavlovsk]] on 16/28 July 1874, conducted by Venyamin Bilz, and the Andante and finale only were played at the [[Hannover]] Music Festival on 8/20 May 1877, with Franz Fischer conducting <ref name="note49"/>.
 
Following its more extensive revisions in December 1879 and January 1880, the reworked Second Symphony was performed on 31 January/12 February 1881 at the tenth RMS concert in [[Saint Petersburg]], conducted by [[Eduard Nápravník]], to great acclaim <ref name="note32"/>. In [[Moscow]], the first performance of the Symphony in its new version took place on 21 November/3 December 1881 at the fourth RMS symphony concert, conducted by [[Karl Zike]] <ref name="note33"/>. Other notable early performances included:
 
* [[New York]], Steinway Hall, Symphony Society concert, 25 November/7 December 1883, conducted by [[Leopold Damrosch]]
* [[Kiev]], 1st Russian Musical Society concert, 16/28 December 1885, conducted by [[Josef Přibík]]
* [[Kharkov]], Russian Musical Society concert, 14/26 March 1893, conducted by Tchaikovsky
* Bournemouth, Winter Gardens, 20 September/2 October 1899, conducted by Dan Godfrey
* [[London]], Queen's Hall, 21 August/3 September 1902, conducted by Henry Wood.
 
After Tchaikovsky's death, the original version of the Symphony was reconstructed by Ivan Shorning from the surviving orchestral parts, and it was performed in this form at a Russian Musical Society concert in [[Moscow]] on 6/18 January 1896 <ref name="note34"/>. The conductor on this occasion was [[Sergey Taneyev]], who much preferred the earlier version:
 
{{quote|I've been looking over the two scores — the new, printed by [[Bessel]], and the former, compiled from the orchestral parts. My God, what a difference! How good the former Allegro is, despite some imperfections — rambling modulations which it would be better off without, but a beautiful first theme, and a melodious, graceful second. How weak by comparison this new allegro is! A poor first theme comprising many repetitions of a three-note motif: an even less interesting second theme worked in as counter-melody to part of the original first theme; a little bit of the original allegro artificially stuck into the new one in order to preserve fragments of the original development section; all this is manufactured without any definite scheme... The finale, with the exception of one large cut, remains in its earlier form <ref name="note35"/>.}}
 
==Publication==
[[Vasily Bessel]] in [[Saint Petersburg]] made an offer to print the Symphony for Tchaikovsky, which the composer accepted, and the composer's arrangement for piano duet was published by [[Bessel]] in November 1873 (plates 380-383, 111 pages). In October, Tchaikovsky corrected the proofs, and on 28 November/10 December he wrote to [[Bessel]]: "I've received the symphony; it is printed very well — apart from a few misprints; it's a pity you had to do it in such a rush" <ref name="note36"/>.
 
However, [[Bessel]] was not in such a hurry to print the full score. In 1875 Tchaikovsky asked him: "Do you intend to print the full score of my Second Symphony?... I should be offended if you do not do this" <ref name="note37"/>. However, the score was still not printed.
 
After revising the work some years later, Tchaikovsky was grateful for this delay. He wrote to [[Nadezhda von Meck]]: "I gave it in 1872 to [[Bessel]] on condition that he printed the full score of the symphony. Over the course of seven years he has deceived me, always claiming that the full score would soon be ready, although it had not even been engraved. I was very angry — but in fact his dishonesty had done me a good turn!" <ref name="note38"/>. In another letter he told her: "How thankful I am that for many years my publisher [[Bessel]] evaded publishing the full score. If he had done so, it would have been impossible to reprint it, and my poor symphony would have been left in its primitive form" <ref name="note39"/>.
 
At the beginning of 1881, the revised score of the Second Symphony was finally published by [[Bessel]]:
* Full score. Plate 379, 179 pages (1881) <ref name="note46"/>
* Arrangement for piano 4 hands (Tchaikovsky). Plate 380, 91 pages (1881) <ref name="note48"/>
* Orchestral parts. Plates 381a-381z, 26 parts (1881) <ref name="note46"/>
* Arrangement for solo piano by (Aleksandr Schaefer). Plate 5035, 47 pages (1901) <ref name="note47"/>.
 
The full score and Tchaikovsky's piano duet arrangement of the Symphony, were published in volumes 15Б (1954) and volume 47 (1956) respectively of Tchaikovsky's ''[[Complete Collected Works]]'', edited by Semyon Bogatyrov. Both the original and the revised versions of the scores are included.
 
==Autographs==
The full score of the original version of the Symphony was deliberately destroyed by Tchaikovsky in 1880, as he informed [[Eduard Nápravník]] in September 1880: "The Second Symphony can only be performed in its new form, as I have destroyed the old score" <ref name="note41"/>. He also told [[Pyotr Jurgenson]] that he had “burned the old score, and if [[Bessel]] is pig-headed then he will get neither the old nor the new [version]. If there's any dispute, I don't think he would take it into his head to reconstruct the destroyed full score from the parts, which are kept in the library of the [Russian] Musical Society” <ref name="note42"/>.
 
The whereabouts of the autograph full score and the composer's piano duet arrangement of the revised version are unknown. However, Tchaikovsky's arrangement of the Symphony's first version for piano duet is preserved in the {{RUS-Mcm}} in [[Moscow]] {{TOW2|simfoniya-no-2-1-ya-redakciya|(ф. 88, No. 56)}}.
 
==Recordings==
{{reclink}}
 
==Dedication==
The Second Symphony is dedicated to the [[Moscow]] section of the Russian Musical Society, who awarded 300 rubles to Tchaikovsky for its first performance.
 
==Related Works==
The opening theme of the Symphony's first movement is a variant of the Ukrainian folk tune 'Down by Mother Volga' (Вниз по матушке по Волге) <ref name="note43"/>. Tchaikovsky also harmonised this tune in May 1872 as No. 17 in Set 1 of [[Mariya Mamontova]]'s Collection of [[Children's Songs on Russian and Ukrainian Tunes (Mamontova)|Children's Songs on Russian and Ukrainian Tunes]].
 
According to [[Modest Tchaikovsky]] and [[Nikolay Kashkin]], the main theme of the second movement was based on music for the wedding procession of Huldbrandt and Berthalda from Act III of Tchaikovsky's 1869 opera ''[[Undina]]'' <ref name="note44"/>. The central section of this movement is the Russian song 'Keep on Spinning, My Spinner' (Пряди, моя пряха).
 
The main theme of the Finale is the Ukrainian folk-song 'The Crane' (Та внадыся журавель), although it differs slightly from the version which Tchaikovsky harmonised in May 1872 as No. 18 in Set 1 of [[Mariya Mamontova]]'s [[Children's Songs on Russian and Ukrainian Tunes (Mamontova)|Children's Songs on Russian and Ukrainian Tunes]]. The same tune was also used in the Scherzo of the unfinished [[Symphony in E-flat major]] (1892).
 
==External Links==
* {{imslpscore|Symphony_No.2,_Op.17_(Tchaikovsky,_Pyotr)|Symphony No. 2}}
 
==Notes and References==
<references>
<ref name="note1">See [[Nikolay Kashkin]], {{bib|1896/17|Воспоминания о П. И. Чайковском}} (1896), p. 94.</ref>
<ref name="note2">In the printed edition of Tchaikovsky's piano duet arrangement, the main section of this movement is marked only "Allegro", and this indication is missing altogether from the autograph score of the arrangement.</ref>
<ref name="note3">{{bib|1900/35|Жизнь Петра Ильича Чайковского ; том 1}} (1900), p. 379.</ref>
<ref name="note4">See [[Letter 270]] to [[Modest Tchaikovsky]], 17/29–18/30 July 1872; [[Letter 269]] to [[Pyotr Jurgenson]], 16/28 July 1872; [[Letter 1177]] to [[Vladimir Shilovsky]], 10/22 May 1879.</ref>
<ref name="note5">{{bib|1900/35|Жизнь Петра Ильича Чайковского ; том 1}} (1900), p. 392.</ref>
<ref name="note6">See letters [[Letter 273|273]] and [[Letter 274|274]] to [[Anatoly Tchaikovsky]], 2/14 September and 4/16 September 1872.</ref>
<ref name="note7">[[Letter 275]] to [[Modest Tchaikovsky]], 2/14 November 1872.</ref>
<ref name="note8">[[Letter 276]] to [[Ivan Klimenko]], 15/27 November 1872.</ref>
<ref name="note9">[[Letter 277]] to [[Ilya Tchaikovsky]], 22 November/4 December 1872.</ref>
<ref name="note10">[[Letter 1345]] to [[Pyotr Jurgenson]], 19 November/1 December 1879.</ref>
<ref name="note11">[[Letter 1366]] to [[Nadezhda von Meck]], 3/15 December 1879.</ref>
<ref name="note12">[[Letter 1381]] to [[Nadezhda von Meck]], 16/28 December–18/30 December 1879.</ref>
<ref name="note13">[[Letter 1386]] to [[Vasily Bessel]], 21 December 1879/2 January 1880.</ref>
<ref name="note14">The second version of the first movement is 119 bars shorter than its predecessor, with a new first subject in the Allegro vivo, and a second which combined elements of both themes from the original Allegro comodo. Only bars 1–52, 158–183 and 303–370 of this movement. were preserved from the 1872 version, with variations in scoring, phrasing and dynamic markings.</ref>
<ref name="note15">In fact the tempo marking of this movement was altered from 'Andante' to 'Andantino'.</ref>
<ref name="note16">The changes mostly involved alterations to the instrumentation, and variations in repeated sections.</ref>
<ref name="note17">In the new version of the finale, 147 bars were cut after bar 508, representing the entire recapitulation of the first subject.</ref>
<ref name="note18">[[Letter 1396]] to [[Sergey Taneyev]], 4/16 January 1880; see also [[Letter 1386]] to [[Vasily Bessel]], 21 December 1879/2 January 1880, and [[Letter 1397]] to [[Pyotr Jurgenson]], 4/16 January 1880.</ref>
<ref name="note19">[[Letter 289]] to [[Modest Tchaikovsky]], 13/25 February 1873.</ref>
<ref name="note20">[[Letter 299]] to [[Vasily Bessel]], 21 April/3 May 1873.</ref>
<ref name="note21">[[Letter 308]] to [[Vasily Bessel]], 16/28 May 1873.</ref>
<ref name="note22">See [[Letter 312]] to [[Vasily Bessel]], 24 May/5 June 1873.</ref>
<ref name="note23">[[Letter 317]] to [[Vasily Bessel]], 3/15 September 1873.</ref>
<ref name="note24">[[Letter 1397]] to [[Pyotr Jurgenson]], 4/16 January 1880.</ref>
<ref name="note25">See [[Letter 285]] to [[Aleksandra Davydova]], 9/21 January 1873.</ref>
<ref name="note26">[[Letter 288]] to [[Ilya Tchaikovsky]], 5/17 February 1873.</ref>
<ref name="note27">[[Pyotr Kozidub|Pyotr Gerasimovich Kozidub]], the old steward at the Davydovs' estate at [[Kamenka]].</ref>
<ref name="note28">[[Letter 289]] to [[Modest Tchaikovsky]], 13/25 February 1873.</ref>
<ref name="note29">[[Letter 287]] to [[Vladimir Stasov]], 27 January/8 February 1873.</ref>
<ref name="note30">[[Letter 290]] to [[Vasily Bessel]], 21 February/5 March 1873.</ref>
<ref name="note31">{{bib|1900/35|Жизнь Петра Ильича Чайковского ; том 1}} (1900), p. 401.</ref>
<ref name="note32">See [[Letter 1671]] to [[Nadezhda von Meck]], 27 January/8 February–1/13 February 1881. In many sources, [[Karl Zike]] is erroneously credited as the conductor on this occasion; however, see https://dlib.rsl.ru/viewer/01003763764#?page=140 </ref>
<ref name="note33">See letter from [[Pyotr Jurgenson]] to Tchaikovsky of 21 November/3 December 1881 — [[Klin]] House-Museum Archive.</ref>
<ref name="note34">In the late 1940s, Professor Semyon Bogatyryov rediscovered Shorning's reconstruction, which appears to have been forgotten, in the library of the [[Moscow]] Conservatory. This version of the Symphony was heard again for the first time in many years on 21 April 1950, by a student symphony orchestra, conducted by Professor Mikhail Terian, in the Grand Hall of the [[Moscow]] State Conservatory.</ref>
<ref name="note35">Letter from [[Sergey Taneyev]] to [[Modest Tchaikovsky]], 15/27 December 1898 — [[Klin]] House-Museum Archive.</ref>
<ref name="note36">[[Letter 326]] to [[Vasily Bessel]], 28 November/10 December 1873.</ref>
<ref name="note37">[[Letter 396]] to [[Vasily Bessel]], 22 March/3 April 1875.</ref>
<ref name="note38">[[Letter 1366]] to [[Nadezhda von Meck]], 3/15 December 1879.</ref>
<ref name="note39">[[Letter 1381]] to [[Nadezhda von Meck]], 18/30 December 1879.</ref>
<ref name="note41">[[Letter 1586]] to [[Eduard Nápravník]], 12/24 September 1880.</ref>
<ref name="note42">[[Letter 1404]] to [[Pyotr Jurgenson]], 11/23 January 1880. In fact, such a reconstruction was made in the late 1890s after Tchaikovsky's death, by Ivan Shorning, librarian at the [[Moscow]] Conservatory, from the orchestral parts held at the conservatory. Shorning's manuscript of his reconstruction is preserved in the conservatory's library (No. Б I 1867).</ref>
<ref name="note43">[[Nikolay Kashkin]], {{bib|1896/17|Воспоминания о П. И. Чайковском}} (1896), p. 109.</ref>
<ref name="note44">See {{bib|1900/35|Жизнь Петра Ильича Чайковского ; том 1}} (1900), p. 416, and {{bib|1896/17|Воспоминания о П. И. Чайковском}} (1896), p. 87.</ref>
<ref name="note45">The handwritten parts of the original version, which are now preserved in the library of the [[Moscow]] Conservatory, give the timings of the movements as they were originally performed: 17 minutes (movt. I), 7 minutes (movt. II), 4 minutes (movt. III) and 11 minutes (movt. IV).</ref>
<ref name="note46">Advertised by [[Bessel]] in the March 1881 edition of Hofmeister's ''Musikalisch-literarischer Monatsbericht'' (p. 50).</ref>
<ref name="note47">Advertised by [[Bessel]] in the December 1901 edition of Hofmeister's ''Musikalisch-literarischer Monatsbericht'' (p. 676).</ref>
<ref name="note48">Advertised by [[Bessel]] in the March 1881 edition of Hofmeister's ''Musikalisch-literarischer Monatsbericht'' (p. 56).</ref>
<ref name="note49">See the review in ''Musikalisches Wochenblatt'' (1 June 1877), p. 329.</ref>
</references>
[[Category:Symphonies]]

Latest revision as of 09:46, 21 April 2023

TitleТеатр и музыка
InСанкт-Петербургские ведомости [Saint Petersburg]
Edition14 April 1874 [O.S.]
Published1874
FormatArticle
LanguageRussian
NotesThe first production of The Oprichnik on 12/24 April 1874 at the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg