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| The '''''Sérénade mélancolique''''' (Меланхолическая серенада) in B-flat minor, [[Opus]] 26 ([[TH]] 56 ; [[ČW]] 58) <ref name="note1"/>, was Tchaikovsky's first composition for solo violin with orchestra, written in February 1875.
| | <includeonly>Der Nussknacker. Nach dem Ballet von Peter Iljitsch Tschaikowsky</includeonly><noinclude> {{bibitem |id=1992/17 |Contributors=Goode, Diane, 1949- (illustrator)<br/>Zwerger, Regina (translator) |Title=Der Nussknacker. Nach dem Ballet von Peter Iljitsch Tschaikowsky |Imprint=Vienna : Überreuter, 1992 |Standard=ISBN 3800020416 |Format=Book |Language=German |Notes=Photographs and illustrations from a stage production of [[The Nutcracker]] }} [[Category:Bibliography (1992)]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Bibliography (1992/017)}}</noinclude> |
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| ==Instrumentation==
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| The piece is scored for solo violin and an orchestra consisting of 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets (in B-flat), 2 bassoons + 4 horns (in F) + violins I, violins II, violas, cellos, and double basses.
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| ==Duration==
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| There is one movement: Andante (B-flat minor, 207 bars), which lasts approximately 10 minutes in performance.
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| ==Composition==
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| On 13/25 February 1875, Tchaikovsky informed his brother [[Modest]] that "I've already written the violin piece, which I promised to [[Auer]]" <ref name="note2"/>. It is unclear whether the piece had been orchestrated by this time, and there are no other references to the work in the composer's correspondence.
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| ==Arrangements==
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| Tchaikovsky also arranged the ''Sérénade'' for violin and piano, probably in February 1875.
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| ==Performances==
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| On 16/28 January 1876, [[Adolph Brodsky]] gave the premiere of the ''Sérénade mélancolique'' at the seventh symphony concert of the Russian Musical Society in [[Moscow]], conducted by [[Nikolay Rubinstein]], and he also gave the works' first performance in [[Saint Petersburg]] on 6/18 November 1876 at the first RMS symphony concert, conducted by [[Eduard Nápravník]]. Other notable performances in Tchaikovsky's lifetime were:
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| * [[Paris]], 3rd Russian symphony concert, 8/20 September 1878, [[Stanisław Barcewicz]] (violin), conducted by [[Nikolay Rubinstein]]
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| * [[London]], Crystal Palace, 28 April/10 May 1879, Pablo de Sarasate (violin), conducted by August Manns
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| * Elberfeld, 29 September/11 October 1879, Pablo de Sarasate (violin), conducted by Wilhelm Posse
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| * Mannheim, 3rd Academie-Concert, 13/25 November 1880, Émile Sauret (violin), conducted by Emil Pauer
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| * [[Paris]], 8th Concert Populaire, 23 November/5 December 1880, Paul Viardot (violin), conducted by Jules Pasdeloup
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| * [[Saint Petersburg]], 7th RMS symphony concert, 3/15 January 1881, Paul Viardot (violin), conducted by [[Eduard Nápravník]]
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| * Erfurt, Musikverein Concert, 10/22 February 1881, Émile Sauret (violin).
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| * [[Leipzig]], 8th Euterpe Society concert, 1/13 February 1883, [[Iosif Kotek]] (violin)
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| * [[Tiflis]], 2nd RMS symphony concert, 2/14 April 1886, Konstantin Gorsky (violin), conducted by [[Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov]]
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| * [[Vienna]], Philharmonic Society concert, 11/23 November 1887, František Ondříček (violin), Ludwig Rottenberg (piano) — in Tchaikovsky's arrangement for violin and piano
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| * [[Kiev]], 3rd RMS symphony concert, 4/16 February 1889, Pavel Pustarnakov (violin)
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| * [[Paris]], 23rd [[Colonne]] symphony concert, 24 March/5 April 1891, Johannes Wolf (violin), conducted by Tchaikovsky
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| * [[Warsaw]], 2/14 January 1892, [[Stanisław Barcewicz]] (violin), conducted by Tchaikovsky
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| ==Publication==
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| The ''Sérénade mélancolique'' was published by [[Pyotr Jurgenson]] in [[Moscow]]:
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| * Arrangement for violin and piano, 9 pages. Plate 2742 — April 1876
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| * Orchestral parts. Plate 2749 — February 1876
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| * Full score, 29 pages. Plate 2750 — November 1879 <ref name="note3"/>.
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| In Tchaikovsky's ''[[Complete Collected Works]]'' the full score of the ''Sérénade'' was published in volume 30A, edited by Valentina Rachkovskaya (1949), and the violin-piano arrangement in volume 55A, edited by Ivan Shishov and Nikolay Shemanin (1946).
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| ==Autographs== | |
| The whereabouts of Tchaikovsky's autograph full score and piano arrangement are unknown.
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| ==Recordings== | |
| {{reclink}}
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| ==Dedication==
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| The ''Sérénade'' was originally written for the violinist [[Leopold Auer]], with whom Tchaikovsky had become acquainted in January 1875 <ref name="note4"/>. However, in 1881, Tchaikovsky was offended by [[Leopold Auer]]'s refusal to perform his [[Violin Concerto]], and wanted to withdraw both the dedication of the concerto and of the ''Sérénade mélancolique''. On 19/31 December 1881, [[Pyotr Jurgenson]] wrote to Tchaikovsky about the concerto: "We are deleting [[Auer]]'s name from the title pages, but is it too late? You see, this is only on the new editions. The ''Serenade'', I think, can be done quickly" <ref name="note5"/>. However, the dedication to [[Auer]] was retained on [[Jurgenson]]'s later editions of the ''Sérénade mélancolique''.
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| ==External Links==
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| * {{imslpscore|Sérénade_mélancolique,_Op.26_(Tchaikovsky,_Pyotr)|Sérénade mélancolique}}
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| ==Notes and References==
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| <references>
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| <ref name="note1">Entitled 'Melancholy Serenade' in [[ČW]].</ref>
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| <ref name="note2">See [[Letter 391]] to [[Modest Tchaikovsky]], 13/25 February 1875.</ref>
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| <ref name="note3">See letters [[Letter 865|865]], [[Letter 870|870]], [[Letter 872|872]], [[Letter 883|883]], [[Letter 885|885]] and [[Letter 891|891]] to [[Pyotr Jurgenson]], 1/13 July, 12/24 July, 18/30 July, 29 July/10 August, 2/14 August, 3/15 August and 8/20 August 1878.</ref>
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| <ref name="note4">See also [[Auer]]'s recollections in {{bib|1913/82}} (1913).</ref>
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| <ref name="note5">Letter from [[Pyotr Jurgenson]] to Tchaikovsky, 19/31 December 1881 — [[Klin]] House-Museum Archive.</ref>
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| </references>
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| [[Category:Concertante Pieces]]
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