Brett: /* Dedication */

2023-09-02T14:59:37Z

Dedication

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	==Dedication==		==Dedication==
	The quartet is dedicated to [[Sergey Rachinsky]], artist, writer and professor of botany at [[Moscow]] University.		The quartet is dedicated "à Mr S. Ratschinsky" — [[Sergey Rachinsky]], artist, writer and professor of botany at [[Moscow]] University.

	==Related Works==		==Related Works==

Tony at 10:47, 14 January 2023

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	==Critical Reception==		==Critical Reception==
	The quartet had great success both in Russia and abroad <ref name="note2"/>. In 1876 the [[Moscow]] Conservatory organised a musical evening in honour of [[Lev Tolstoy]], the programme of which included the ''Andante cantabile''. It greatly moved the writer. In his reply to [[Tolstoy]]'s letter, Tchaikovsky wrote: "I cannot express how honoured and proud I felt that my music could make such an impression on you" <ref name="note3"/>.		The quartet had great success both in Russia and abroad <ref name="note2"/>. In 1876, the [[Moscow]] Conservatory organised a musical evening in honour of [[Lev Tolstoy]], the programme of which included the ''Andante cantabile''. It greatly moved the writer. In his reply to [[Tolstoy]]'s letter, Tchaikovsky wrote: "I cannot express how honoured and proud I felt that my music could make such an impression on you" <ref name="note3"/>.

	==Publication==		==Publication==

Brett at 15:39, 13 August 2022

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	* [[Berlin]], Philharmonic Society concert, 27 January/8 February 1888, conducted by Tchaikovsky (2nd movement only, played by string orchestra).		* [[Berlin]], Philharmonic Society concert, 27 January/8 February 1888, conducted by Tchaikovsky (2nd movement only, played by string orchestra).
	* [[Paris]], 23rd Colonne symphony concert, 24 March/5 April 1891, conducted by Tchaikovsky (2nd movement only, played by string orchestra).		* [[Paris]], 23rd Colonne symphony concert, 24 March/5 April 1891, conducted by Tchaikovsky (2nd movement only, played by string orchestra).
			* Amsterdam, Concertgebouw, 30 May/11 June 1891, conducted by [[Willem Kes]] (2nd movement only)
	* [[Odessa]], 1st RMS symphony concert, 16 January 1893, conducted by Tchaikovsky (2nd movement only, played by string orchestra).		* [[Odessa]], 1st RMS symphony concert, 16 January 1893, conducted by Tchaikovsky (2nd movement only, played by string orchestra).
	* [[Odessa]], Slavonic Society free concert, 22 January 1893, conducted by Tchaikovsky (2nd movement only, played by string orchestra).		* [[Odessa]], Slavonic Society free concert, 22 January 1893, conducted by Tchaikovsky (2nd movement only, played by string orchestra).

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Brett: /* Performances */

2022-04-19T11:29:12Z

Performances

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Tchaikovsky wrote his '''''String Quartet No. 1''''' in D major, [[Op.]] 11 ([[TH]] 111 ; [[ČW]] 90) in February 1871.

==Instrumentation==
Scored for 2 violins, viola and cello.

==Movements and Duration==
There are four movements:
<ol style="list-style-type: upper-roman;">
<li>Moderato e semplice (D major, 183 bars)</li>
<li>Andante cantabile (B-flat major, 184 bars)</li>
<li>''Scherzo''. Allegro non tanto e con fuoco (D minor, 156 bars)</li>
<li>''Finale''. Allegro giusto (D major, 432 bars)</li>
</ol>
A complete performance lasts approximately 30 minutes.

==Composition==
The quartet was written in February 1871 for a concert devoted to Tchaikovsky's works, which took place the following month in [[Moscow]] <ref name="note1"/>.

==Arrangements==
: ''See [[Andante cantabile]]''
The second movement was arranged by Tchaikovsky in the late 1880s for cello with string orchestra, evidently for a performance by [[Anatoly Brandukov]], in whose archive the manuscript was discovered.

==Performances==
The first performance of the quartet took place in the Little Hall of the Nobles' Society in [[Moscow]] on 16/28 March 1871 at a special concert of Tchaikovsky's works. The performers were: [[Ferdinand Laub]] and [[Jan Hřímalý]] (violins), Ludwig Minkus (viola), and [[Wilhelm Fitzenhagen]] (cello).

Other notable performances included:
* [[Saint Petersburg]], 3rd RMS quartet concert, 24 October/5 November 1872, [[Leopold Auer]] and I. Pikkel (violins), I. Beikman (viola), [[Karl Davydov]] (cello).
* [[Kharkov]], 6th RMS quartet concert, 15/27 March 1873, Vasily Salin and Kochubey (violins), A. Pavlovich (viola), and L. Pavlovich (cello).
* Neustrelitz, Tonkünstlerverein concert, 26 December 1875/7 January 1876.
* Boston, chamber music concert, 1/13 January 1876.
* [[London]], St. James's Hall (Musical Union Concert), 22 June/4 July 1876, [[Leopold Auer]] and Otto Bernhardt (violins), Benoit Hollander (viola), Jules Lasserre (cello).
* [[Leipzig]], Blüthner Hall, 27 February/11 March 1877, Adolphe Fischer (cello) (2nd movement only, arranged for cello with piano).
* [[Kiev]], 1st RMS chamber concert, 12 December 1885.
* [[Tiflis]], 5th RMS chamber concert, 30 January 1886, Konstantin Gorsky and D. Levenson (violins), E. Ressler (viola), M. Veynbreyn (cello).
* [[Berlin]], Philharmonic Society concert, 27 January/8 February 1888, conducted by Tchaikovsky (2nd movement only, played by string orchestra).
* [[Paris]], 23rd Colonne symphony concert, 24 March/5 April 1891, conducted by Tchaikovsky (2nd movement only, played by string orchestra).
* [[Odessa]], 1st RMS symphony concert, 16 January 1893, conducted by Tchaikovsky (2nd movement only, played by string orchestra).
* [[Odessa]], Slavonic Society free concert, 22 January 1893, conducted by Tchaikovsky (2nd movement only, played by string orchestra).
* [[Odessa]], 3rd RMS symphony concert, 24 January 1893, conducted by Tchaikovsky (2nd movement only, played by string orchestra).

==Critical Reception==
The quartet had great success both in Russia and abroad <ref name="note2"/>. In 1876 the [[Moscow]] Conservatory organised a musical evening in honour of [[Lev Tolstoy]], the programme of which included the ''Andante cantabile''. It greatly moved the writer. In his reply to [[Tolstoy]]'s letter, Tchaikovsky wrote: "I cannot express how honoured and proud I felt that my music could make such an impression on you" <ref name="note3"/>.

==Publication==
Tchaikovsky originally intended that [[Vasily Bessel]] should publish the quartet. He wrote of this to [[Hans von Bülow]] on 1/13 December 1876: "Regarding my quartet, about whose success you wrote to me, I would like to tell you one thing... When, some years ago, I approached the publisher [[Bessel]] in [[Saint Petersburg]], and suggested that he should publish this quartet ''gratis'', he consulted with [[Anton Rubinstein]] for advice on whether he should print it. 'No'—my former tutor replied—'it is certainly not worth it', and [[Bessel]] sent me his verdict and a humiliating rejection" <ref name="note4"/>.

The quartet was published by [[Pyotr Jurgenson]] in 1872. It was included in volume 31 of Tchaikovsky's ''[[Complete Collected Works]]'' (1955), edited by Anatoly Aleksandrov.

==Autographs==
Tchaikovsky's manuscript score is now preserved in the {{RUS-Mcm}} in [[Moscow]] {{TOW2|kvartet-no-1|(ф. 88, No. 102)}}.

==Recordings==
{{reclink}}

==Dedication==
The quartet is dedicated to [[Sergey Rachinsky]], artist, writer and professor of botany at [[Moscow]] University.

==Related Works==
The main theme of the quartet's second movement (Andante cantabile), comes from an old Russian song, well-known during the 1870s, with the words "Vanya sat on the divan, pouring out a glass of rum" («Сидел Ваня на диване, стакан рому наливал»). Tchaikovsky heard this song at [[Kamenka]] in the summer of 1869 from a carpenter who was a native of Kaluga province <ref name="note5"/>, and had previously arranged it as No. 47 in his collection of [[Fifty Russian Folksongs]] for piano 4 hands (1868-69).

==External Links==
* {{imslpscore|String_Quartet_No.1,_Op.11_(Tchaikovsky,_Pyotr)|String Quartet No.1, Op.11}}

==Notes and References==
<references>
<ref name="note1">See {{bib|1900/35|Жизнь Петра Ильича Чайковского ; том 1}} (1900), pp. 366–367; and [[Nikolay Kashkin]], {{bib|1896/17|Воспоминания о П. И. Чайковском}} (1896), pp. 88–89.</ref>
<ref name="note2">See {{bib|1900/35|Жизнь Петра Ильича Чайковского ; том 1}} (1900), p. 441.</ref>
<ref name="note3">[[Letter 527]] to [[Lev Tolstoy]], 24 December 1876/5 January 1877.</ref>
<ref name="note4">[[Letter 443]] to [[Hans von Bülow]], 1/13 February 1876.</ref>
<ref name="note5">See {{bib|1900/35|Жизнь Петра Ильича Чайковского ; том 1}} (1900), pp. 366–367, and also [[Letter 493]] to [[Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov]]. It has been suggested that Tchaikovsky heard an earlier version of the song from [[Nikolay Kashkin]], but seems unlikely since [[Kashkin]]'s version had a different ending from the version included by Tchaikovsky in his collection of [[Fifty Russian Folksongs]] (1869).</ref>
</references>
[[Category:Chamber Music]]

String Quartet No. 1 - Revision history

Brett: /* Dedication */

Tony at 10:47, 14 January 2023

Brett at 15:39, 13 August 2022

Brett: 1 revision imported

Brett: /* Performances */