Three Choruses (1891) - Revision history

Tony at 19:55, 13 February 2023

2023-02-13T19:55:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:55, 13 February 2023
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	Tchaikovsky's '''''Three Choruses''''' (Три хора) for unaccompanied voices ([[TH]] 87 ; [[ČW]] 74-76), were composed in February 1891 at [[Frolovskoye]].		Tchaikovsky's '''''Three Choruses''''' (Три хора) for unaccompanied voices ([[TH]] 87 ; [[ČW]] 74-76) were composed in February 1891 at [[Frolovskoye]].

	==Instrumentation==		==Instrumentation==
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	==Text==		==Text==
	# [[Nikolay Tsyganov]] (1797–1831), from an untitled poem (1832)		# [[Nikolay Tsyganov]] (1797–1831), from an untitled poem (1832)
	# [[Aleksandr Pushkin]] (1799–1837), from his poem ''Bacchic Song'' (Бакхическая песня) (1825).		# [[Aleksandr Pushkin]] (1799–1837), from his poem ''Bacchic Song'' (Бакхическая песня) (1825)
	# [[Nikolay Tsyganov]], from an untitled poem.		# [[Nikolay Tsyganov]], from an untitled poem.

	==Composition==		==Composition==
	The choruses were commissioned by [[Ivan Melnikov]], for his Free Choral Class, and according to [[Modest Tchaikovsky]], the manuscript scores for all three pieces bore the date 14/26 February 1891 <ref name="note3"/>. As soon as the choruses had been written, Tchaikovsky sent them to [[Melnikov]], who in a letter of 20 February/4 March 1891, enthusiastically thanked Tchaikovsky for the contribution, and sought permission to publish the parts in lithograph, evidently under the impression that the rights to publish the full score belonged to [[Pyotr Jurgenson]] <ref name="note4"/>.		The choruses were commissioned by [[Ivan Melnikov]] for his Free Choral Class, and according to [[Modest Tchaikovsky]], the manuscript scores for all three pieces bore the date 14/26 February 1891 <ref name="note3"/>. As soon as the choruses had been written, Tchaikovsky sent them to [[Melnikov]], who in a letter of 20 February/4 March 1891 enthusiastically thanked Tchaikovsky for the contribution, and sought permission to publish the parts in lithograph, evidently under the impression that the rights to publish the full score belonged to [[Pyotr Jurgenson]] <ref name="note4"/>.

	Tchaikovsky's letter of reply, which has not survived, evidently explained that the choruses were wholly the property of [[Ivan Melnikov]], and that he may publish them in his collection <ref name="note5"/>.		Tchaikovsky's letter of reply, which has not survived, evidently explained that the choruses were wholly the property of [[Ivan Melnikov]], and that he may publish them in his collection <ref name="note5"/>.
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	* ''Without Time, Without Season'' in ''Russian choruses for women's voices'' (Русские хоры для женских голосов) (No. 6).		* ''Without Time, Without Season'' in ''Russian choruses for women's voices'' (Русские хоры для женских голосов) (No. 6).

	In 1941 they were included in volume 43 of Tchaikovsky's ''[[Complete Collected Works]]'', edited by Ivan Shishov and Nikolay Shemanin.		In 1941, they were included in volume 43 of Tchaikovsky's ''[[Complete Collected Works]]'', edited by Ivan Shishov and Nikolay Shemanin.

	==Autographs==		==Autographs==

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Tchaikovsky's '''''Three Choruses''''' (Три хора) for unaccompanied voices ([[TH]] 87 ; [[ČW]] 74-76), were composed in February 1891 at [[Frolovskoye]].

==Instrumentation==
Scored for unaccompanied mixed (SATB) chorus (No. 1), male (TTBB) chorus (No. 2), or female (SSAA) chorus (No. 3).

==Movements and Duration==
# '''''Tis Not the Cuckoo in the Damp Pinewood''''' (Не кукушечка во сыром бору) <ref name="note1"/><br/>Moderato mosso (E minor, 81 bars).
# '''''Why Did the Merry Voice Grow Silent?''''' (Что смолкнул веселия глас?) <ref name="note2"/><br/>Moderato assai (G minor, 48 bars).
# '''''Without Time, Without Season''''' (Без поры да без времени)<br/>Andante con moto (E minor, 80 bars).
A complete performance of all three choruses lasts around 7 to 10 minutes.

==Text==
# [[Nikolay Tsyganov]] (1797–1831), from an untitled poem (1832)
# [[Aleksandr Pushkin]] (1799–1837), from his poem ''Bacchic Song'' (Бакхическая песня) (1825).
# [[Nikolay Tsyganov]], from an untitled poem.

==Composition==
The choruses were commissioned by [[Ivan Melnikov]], for his Free Choral Class, and according to [[Modest Tchaikovsky]], the manuscript scores for all three pieces bore the date 14/26 February 1891 <ref name="note3"/>. As soon as the choruses had been written, Tchaikovsky sent them to [[Melnikov]], who in a letter of 20 February/4 March 1891, enthusiastically thanked Tchaikovsky for the contribution, and sought permission to publish the parts in lithograph, evidently under the impression that the rights to publish the full score belonged to [[Pyotr Jurgenson]] <ref name="note4"/>.

Tchaikovsky's letter of reply, which has not survived, evidently explained that the choruses were wholly the property of [[Ivan Melnikov]], and that he may publish them in his collection <ref name="note5"/>.

==Performances==
The choruses were quickly learned and performed with success at a concert given by the choral class on 23 April/4 May 1891, in the City Council Chamber in [[Saint Petersburg]], as [[Ivan Melnikov]] reported to Tchaikovsky in a letter of 11/23 June 1891 <ref name="note6"/>.

==Publication==
The three choruses were published in [[Moscow]] by [[Pyotr Jurgenson]] in 1894 and 1895 in separate volumes of a series of Russian choruses edited by [[Ivan Melnikov]]:
* ''Tis Not the Cuckoo in the Damp Pinewood'' in ''Russian choruses for mixed voices'' (Русские хоры для смешанных голоса), Part 1 (No. 7);
* ''The Merry Voice Grew Silent'' in ''Russian choruses for men's voices'' (Русские хоры для мужских голосов) (No. 1);
* ''Without Time, Without Season'' in ''Russian choruses for women's voices'' (Русские хоры для женских голосов) (No. 6).

In 1941 they were included in volume 43 of Tchaikovsky's ''[[Complete Collected Works]]'', edited by Ivan Shishov and Nikolay Shemanin.

==Autographs==
The whereabouts of Tchaikovsky's manuscript scores of the choruses are unknown.

==Recordings==
{{reclink}}

==Dedications==
The choruses are dedicated to [[Ivan Melnikov]]'s Free Choral Class, which was instructed by [[Fyodor Becker]].

==External Links==
* {{imslpscore|3_Choruses_(Tchaikovsky,_Pyotr)|3 Choruses}}

==Notes and References==
<references>
<ref name="note1">Translated as ''It's Not the Cuckoo in the Damp Pinewood'' in [[ČW]].</ref>
<ref name="note2">Translated as ''Why Did the Merry Voices Grow Silent?'' in [[ČW]].</ref>
<ref name="note3">{{bib|1902/25|Жизнь Петра Ильича Чайковского ; том 3}} (1902), p. 503. The manuscripts were subsequently lost.</ref>
<ref name="note4">Letter from [[Ivan Melnikov]] to Tchaikovsky, 20 February/4 March 1891 — [[Klin]] House-Museum Archive.</ref>
<ref name="note5">See letter from [[Ivan Melnikov]] to Tchaikovsky, 13/25 March 1891 — [[Klin]] House-Museum Archive.</ref>
<ref name="note6">Letter from [[Ivan Melnikov]] to Tchaikovsky, 11/23 June 1891 — [[Klin]] House-Museum Archive. See also the yearbook {{und|Обзор деятельности бесплатного хорового класса И. А. Мельникова, под управлением Ф. Ф. Беккер, за первый сезон 1890–1891 года}} (1891).</ref>
</references>
[[Category:Choruses]]