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| <!-- mapframe text="Map showing Berlin" width=350 height=350 zoom=5 latitude=52.516667 longitude=13.388889 lang="en"> { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "marker-color": "#ff0000", "marker-size": "medium", "marker-symbol": "" }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [13.388889, 52.516667] }}</mapframe>--> | | <includeonly>Возобновление «Лебединого озера» в постановке Петипа и Иванова</includeonly><noinclude> {{bibitem |id=1958/71 |Title=Возобновление «Лебединого озера» в постановке Петипа и Иванова |In=Советская культурa [Moscow] |Part=No. 89 |Edition=26 July 1958 |Imprint=1958 |Extent=p. 1 |Format=Article |Language=Russian |Notes=A revival of [[Swan Lake]] at the Maly Theatre in Leningrad, based on the 1895 [[Saint Petersburg]] production by Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov }} [[Category:Bibliography (1958)]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Bibliography (1958/071)}}</noinclude> |
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| '''''Berlin''''' is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany.
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| In Tchaikovsky's lifetime it was the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia and (from 1871), of the newly founded German Empire, where it formed part of the province of Brandenburg, until it was constituted a separate city district in 1881.
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| __TOC__
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| ==Tchaikovsky in Berlin==
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| Tchaikovsky visited Berlin on many occasions:
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| {| class="wikitable" | |
| |- | |
| ! width=20%|From
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| ! width=20%|Until
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| ! width=60%|Notes
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| | 6/18 July 1861
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| | 9/21 July 1861
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| | As part of his first journey outside Russia.
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| | June 1868
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| | June 1868
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| | During a summer holiday Tchaikovsky visited the Tiergarten zoo, and reportedly burst into tears when he saw a boa constrictor devouring a live rabbit that had been placed in its cage <ref name="note1"/>.
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| | mid/late December 1871
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| | early/mid January 1872
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| | During his Christmas break.
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| | late December 1875
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| | early January 1876
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| | When he attended a performance of Jules Verne's ''Around the World in Eighty Days'' at the Berlin Theatre, with [[Modest Tchaikovsky]] and [[Nikolay Konradi]].
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| |- | |
| | 11/23 January 1876
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| | 15/27 January 1876
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| | On his return home from [[Paris]].
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| | 4/16 October 1877
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| | 7/19 October 1877
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| | Staying at the ''Hôtel Saint Petersburg'', with his brother [[Anatoly Tchaikovsky|Anatoly]].
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| | 2/14 March 1879
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| | 7/19 March 1879
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| | Where he heard a string orchestra play the Andante cantabile from his [[String Quartet No. 1]] at the Bilse concert Hall
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| | 11/23 November 1879 | |
| | 13/25 November 1879 | |
| | For a performance of [[Ambroise Thomas]]'s opera ''Hamlet''.
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| | 3/15 March 1880
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| | 7/19 March 1880
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| | Stopping on his return to [[Saint Petersburg]].
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| | 29 December 1882/10 January 1883
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| | 2/14 January 1883
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| | Where he attended a performance of his own [[Suite No. 1]], and [[Richard Wagner]]'s opera ''Tristran und Isolde''.
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| | 11/23 May 1883 | |
| | 13/25 May 1883 | |
| | Attending a performance of Lohengrin, which he considered to be "one of Wagner's best compositions" <ref name="note2"/>.
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| | 7/19 February 1884
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| | 8/20 February 1884
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| | ''En route'' to [[Paris]], avoiding the premiere of ''[[Mazepa]]'' in [[Saint Petersburg]].
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| | 26 February/9 March 1884
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| | 28 February/11 March 1884
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| | Returning from [[Paris]] to [[Kamenka]].
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| | 3/15 November 1884
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| | 7/19 November 1884
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| | During which time he wrote the [[Elegy]] for string orchestra, and the first two of the [[Nine Church Pieces]].
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| | 17/29 December 1887
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| | 19/31 December 1887
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| | Where he met [[Désirée Artôt-Padilla]] at a concert on 18/30 December, and called on [[Karl Davydov]] the next day.
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| | 26 December 1887/7 January 1888
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| | 28 December 1887/9 January 1888
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| | Between concert engagements in [[Leipzig]] and [[Hamburg]].
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| | 11/23 January 1888
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| | 11/23 January 1888
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| | Attending a rehearsal for his concert on 27 January/8 February; here he met the composer Richard Strauss.
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| | 22 January/3 February 1888
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| | 29 January/10 February 1888
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| | To conduct the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra in a concert of his own works (see below). During his visit he stayed once again at the ''Hôtel Saint Petersburg'', and met again with [[Désirée Artôt-Padilla]], and dined with fellow composers Hugo Wolf, Emile Sauret and [[Edvard Grieg]].
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| | 26 January/7 February 1889
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| | 29 January/10 February 1889
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| | Stopping ''en route'' from [[Saint Petersburg]] to a conducting engagement in [[Cologne]]. On the second day of this stay he attended a [[Johann Sebastian Bach|Bach]] concert at the Sing-Academie.
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| | 9/21 February 1889
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| | 16/28 February 1889
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| | To conduct another concert of his own works (see below). He had daily meetings with [[Désirée Artôt-Padilla]], and attended a musical evening in his honour (15/27 February) arranged by [[Karl Klindworth]].
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| | 16/28 January 1890
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| | 17/29 January 1890
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| | Stopping overnight at a guest-house ''en route'' from [[Saint Petersburg]] to [[Florence]].
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| | 8/20 March 1891
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| | 9/21 March 1891
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| | Attending (incognito) a concert of his own works, including ''[[The Year 1812]]'' and the ''Andante cantabile'' from [[String Quartet No. 1]].
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| | 4/16 January 1892
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| | 5/17 January 1892
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| | Stopping overnight between conducting engagements in [[Warsaw]] and [[Hamburg]].
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| | 14/26 December 1892
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| | 17/29 December 1892
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| | ''En route'' from [[Saint Petersburg]] to visit [[Fanny Dürbach]] in [[Montbéliard]].
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| | 15/27 May 1893
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| | 16/28 May 1893
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| | Stopping overnight ''en route'' from [[Saint Petersburg]] to [[London]].
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| |}
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| ===Concerts===
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| Tchaikovsky's conducting engagements in Berlin were as follows:
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| | width="20%"|27 January/8 February 1888
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| | width="80%"|A Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra concert which included the overture-fantasia ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'', the [[Piano Concerto No. 1]] (soloist [[Aleksandr Ziloti]]), the ''Introduzione e fuga'' from his [[Suite No. 1]], the ''Andante cantabile'' from his [[String Quartet No. 1]], four songs (soloist [[Aline Friede]]), and the overture ''[[The Year 1812]]''.
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| | 14/26 February 1889
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| | Another Philharmonic Orchestra concert, featuring the [[Serenade for String Orchestra]] and ''[[Francesca da Rimini]]''.
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| |}
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| ==Bibliography==
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| * {{bib|1888/41}} (1888)
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| * {{bib|1888/42}} (1888)
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| * {{bib|1888/43}} (1888)
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| * {{bib|1888/63}} (1888)
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| * {{bib|1889/10}} (1889)
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| * {{bib|1889/22}} (1889)
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| * {{bib|1889/23}} (1889)
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| * {{bib|1889/24}} (1889)
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| * {{bib|1889/25}} (1889)
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| * {{bib|1898/20}} (1898)
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| * {{bib|1963/13}} (1963)
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| * {{bib|1977/10}} (1977)
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| * {{bib|2014/4}} (2014)
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| ==External Links==
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| * [[wikipedia:Berlin|Wikipedia]]
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| ==Notes and References==
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| <references>
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| <ref name="note1">[[Letter 2292]] to [[Nadezhda von Meck]], 12/24 May 1883.</ref>
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| <ref name="note2">{{bib|1900/24}} (1900).</ref>
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| </references>
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| [[Category:Places]] [[Category:Germany]]
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