Overture in F major and Letter 84: Difference between pages

Tchaikovsky Research
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Tchaikovsky's '''''Overture''''' in F major ([[TH]] 39 ; [[ČW]] 34-35) was written and scored for a small student orchestra in the latter half of 1865, and was subsequently revised and rescored for larger forces in February 1866.  
{{letterhead
|Date=30 January/11 February 1866
|To=[[Anatoly Tchaikovsky]] and [[Modest Tchaikovsky]]
|Place=[[Moscow]]  
|Language=Russian
|Autograph={{locunknown}}
|Publication={{bib|1900/35|Жизнь Петра Ильича Чайковского ; том 1}} (1900), p. 231–233 (abridged)<br/>{{bib|1940/210|П. И. Чайковский. Письма к родным ; том 1}} (1940), p. 78–79 <br/>{{bib|1955/37|П. И. Чайковский. Письма к близким}} (1955), p. 26–27 <br/>{{bib|1959/50|П. И. Чайковский. Полное собрание сочинений ; том V}} (1959), p. 98–99 <br/>{{bib|1981/81| Piotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Letters to his family. An autobiography}} (1981), p. 24–25 (English translation)
|Notes=Manuscript copy in [[Klin]] (Russia): {{RUS-KLč}}
}}
==Text and Translation==
Based on a handwritten copy in the [[Klin]] House-Museum Archive, which may contain differences in formatting and content from Tchaikovsky's original letter.
{{Lettertext
|Language=Russian
|Translator=Brett Langston
|Original text={{right|Воскр[есенье] 30 января 1866 г[ода]}}
Только что вернулся из Зоологического сада, который здесь очень хорош. Там был сегодня большой праздник, фейерверк и т. д. Неделю эту провел довольно приятно; я имею через Рубиншт[ейна] право входа в Коммер[ческий] клуб, в к[ото]ром есть превосходная библиотека; я набрал из неё множество хороших книг и наслаждаюсь чтением. Над «''Пиквикским клубом''» Диккенса я смеюсь от всей души без всяких свидетелей, и иногда это мысль, что никто не слышит, как я смеюсь, заставляет меня веселиться ещё более. Советую Вам про читать эту вещь; уж если довольствоваться чтением беллетристики, то по крайней мере нужно выбирать таких писателей, как Диккенс. У него много общего с Гоголем, — то же непосредственность и неподдельность комизма, то же уменье двумя малейшими чертами изобразить целый характер, — хотя глубины Гоголевскойв нем нет.


==Instrumentation==
Уроки мои идут очень успешно, и даже я пользуюсь необыкновенным сочувствием обучаемых мною москвитянок, которые вообще отличаются страстностью и воспламенимостью. На этом месте я был прерван соседями Тарновскимн, приславшими за мною чай пить, а оттуда Рубинштейн повез меня в маскарад Большого театра.
The first version of the Overture was scored for a small student orchestra consisting of 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets (in B-flat), 2 bassoons + horn (in F), trumpet (in F) + 2 timpani + violins I, violins II, violas, cellos and double basses.


The revised version has an expanded brass section of 4 horns (in F), 2 trumpets (in F), and 3 trombones.
Робость мало-помалу совершенно проходит. Знакомых несколько прибавилось (к несчастью), впрочем, все люди хорошие. В том числе особенно мне нравятся Тарновские, муж и жена, люди очень богатые и страшные любители музыки; M-me Тарновская известный композитор романсов, исполняемых Никольским: «''Я помню всё''», «''3ачем''» и т. д. Вчера был на блинах у Кашкина. Этот последний послал Ларошу 10 р[ублей] с[еребром] для приезда на два или на три дня в Москву, и я очень радуюсь при мысли увидеть кого-нибудь из петербургских. У нас теперь все комитеты и прения по поводу здешней консерватории; прения эти очень бурны. Я участвовал на днях в составлении устава и написал огромную инструкцию инспектора, которая была принята без изменений.


==Duration==
О вчерашнем маскараде писать решительно нечего, так как он ничем не отличался от петербургских маскарадов. Скука такая же непроходимая. Был на этой недели в Русском театре и видел «Самоуправцы», трагедию Писемского, и прелестную пиэсу Николая Иван[овича] Ольх[овского]: «Аллегри». Кстати, сходите, любезные братцы, к Ольховским, к Лизав[ете] Павл[овне] Дитловой (к[ото]рая мне писала) и побывайте у Апухтина и Голицына; я не знаю, почему оба последние не отвечают на мои письма; письмо, о к[ото]ром пишет Толя в приписке к письму Моди, я не получал.
Both versions of the Overture are in one movement:  
* ''1st version'': Andante—Allegro molto (F major, 377 bars), approximate duration 6 minutes <ref name="note6"/>.
* ''2nd version'': Moderato assai—Allegro con spirito (F major, 687 bars), lasting around 12 minutes in performance.


==Composition==
Объясни мне, пожалуйста, Толя, отчего ты получил 5 из физ[ической] географии и будет ли это иметь дурные последствия? О том, как проведёте масленицу, напишите мне, пожалуйста, подробно; я со своей стороны расскажу Вам все, что будет интересного. Вероятно, если приедет Ларош, проведу время неразлучно с ним. Начинаю подумывать об опере; все либретто, подаренные мне Рубинштейном, оказались безмерно плохи, я остановился на другом сюжете и хочу сам составлять слова; это будет простая переделка одной трагедии. Здесь есть, впрочем, поэт Плещеев, который согласится помогать мне при этом. Прощайте, мои милые. Если Коля в Петербурге, то влепите ему от меня безешку и скажите, что я ему напишу в Ковно. Кланяйтесь Ипполиту; Лизав[ете] Мих[айловне] скажите, чтоб она не сердилась, что я не пишу. У тети Кати, я надеюсь, Вы будете!
The Overture seems to have been written as a student assignment sometime between August and November 1865 {{OS}}, although no contemporary references survives concerning the process of composition. It most likely dates from after the composer's return to [[Saint Petersburg]] in September 1865, but it could possibly have been written at [[Kamenka]] the previous summer, at around the same time that the [[Overture in C minor]], was sketched.


The revised version of the Overture was apparently commissioned by [[Nikolay Rubinstein]] for a concert of the Russian Musical Society in [[Moscow]] This seems to be referred to in a letter of February 1866 from Tchaikovsky to his brother [[Modest]]: "[[Nikolay Rubinstein|Rubinstein]] has tasked me with some very important work, which I want to finish by the third week of Lent" <ref name="note1"/>.  
Целую и обнимаю.
{{right|П. Чайковский}}


As well as rescoring the whole Overture for larger forces, the composer greatly extended its introduction and development section, rewrote the transitions in the exposition and recapitulation, and substituted a completely new coda.
|Translated text={{right|Sunday 30 January 1866}}
I've just returned from the Zoological Gardens, which are very good. Today there were great celebrations with fireworks, etc. I've spent this week quite pleasantly; through [[Nikolay Rubinstein|Rubinstein]] I've been granted admission to the Commercial Club, which has an excellent library. I've chosen a number of good books from it, and am enjoying reading. I laugh heartily over Dickens' "''Pickwick Papers''" without any witnesses, and sometimes the thought that there's no-one there to hear me laugh makes it all the more enjoyable. I recommend that you should read this; if we're to be content with reading fiction, then at least it should be by such select writers as Dickens. He has much in common with Gogol — the same authenticity and observational humour, as well as the ability to depict two contrasting aspects of a character, although he lacks the depth of Gogol.


==Performances==
My lessons are very successful <ref name="note1"/>, and I even get on very well with my Muscovite students, who can generally be classed as passionate and combustible. At this point I was interrupted by my neighbours, the Tarnovskys, who invited me to drink tea, and then [[Nikolay Rubinstein|Rubinstein]] took me to a masquerade at the Bolshoi Theatre.
The Overture in its original version was performed for the first time on 27 November/9 December 1865 at the 18th conservatory student orchestra concert in the hall of the Mikhailovsky Palace in [[Saint Petersburg]], conducted by the composer <ref name="note2"/>. This was Tchaikovsky's first public appearance as a conductor.


The second version of the Overture (for large symphony orchestra) had its first performance on 4/16 March 1866, conducted by [[Nikolay Rubinstein]], at an special concert of the Russian Musical Society in [[Moscow]]. In [[Saint Petersburg]], this version was performed for the first time on 1/13 May 1866, conducted by [[Anton Rubinstein]], at a charity concert in the hall of the Mikhaylovsky Palace <ref name="note3"/>.
Little by little my shyness is completely disappearing. My acquaintances have increased somewhat (unfortunately), although they are all good people. Among these, I especially like the Tarnovskys, husband and wife, who are very wealthy people, and terribly fond of music. Madame Tarnovskaya is a famous composer of romances, as performed by Nikolsky <ref name="note8"/>: "''I Remember All'', "''Why''", etc. <ref name="note9"/>. Yesterday I had pancakes with [[Kashkin]]. The latter sent [[Laroche]] 10 silver rubles to come to [[Moscow]] for a two or three days, and I'm very happy at the thought of seeing someone from [[Petersburg]]. Now we have all the committees and deliberations about the conservatory here; these debates are very stormy. I recently took part in the drafting of the constitution and wrote an enormous set of regulations for the inspector, which were adopted without alteration <ref name="note2"/>.


==Publication==
So far as yesterday's masquerade is concerned I shall write absolutely nothing, as it was no different from the balls in [[Petersburg]]: the same insurmountable tedium. This week at the Russian Theatre I saw "The Unbridled Ones", a tragedy by Pisemsky, and a delightful play by Nikolay Ivanovich Olkhovsky: "Allegri" <ref name="note3"/>. By the way, my dear brothers, go to Olkhovsky, to Lizaveta Pavlovna Ditlova (who has written to me <ref name="note4"/>), and visit [[Apukhtin]] and Golitsyn. I don't know why the last two didn't reply to my letters <ref name="note5"/>. I didn't receive the letter from [[Modya]] with the postscript from [[Tolya]].
Both versions were published for the first time in volume 21 of Tchaikovsky's ''[[Complete Collected Works]]'', edited by Pavel Lamm (1952) <ref name="note4"/>.


==Autographs==
Explain to me please, [[Tolya]], why you got a 5 in physical geography <ref name="note6"/>, and whether this will have drastic consequences? Please tell me in detail how you are spending Lent; for my part I'll tell you everything of interest. If [[Laroche]] comes then I'll probably spend all my time alongside him. I'm starting to think about an opera; all the librettos presented to me by [[Nikolay Rubinstein|Rubinstein]] have proved to be immensely bad; I've settled on another subject want to do the text myself; it will be a straightforward adaptation of a tragedy. Incidentally, the poet [[Pleshcheyev]] is here, and has agreed to assist me with this <ref name="note7"/>. Goodbye my dears. If [[Kolya]] is in [[Petersburg]] then box him around the ears for me and tell him that I'll write to him in Kovno. Bow to [[Ippolit]]; tell [[Yelizaveta Mikhaylovna]] not to be angry that I haven't written. I hope you'll be with [[Yekaterina Alekseyeva|Aunt Katya]]!
Tchaikovsky's manuscript of the first version of the Overture is now preserved in the [[Klin]] House-Museum Archive (a{{sup|1}}, No. 49) <ref name="note5"/>, while the second version is in the {{RUS-Mcm}} in [[Moscow]] {{TOW2|uvertyura-f-dur-vtoraya-redakciya|(ф. 88, No. 71)}}.


==Recordings==
Kisses and hugs.
{{reclink}}
{{right|P. Tchaikovsky}}
 
}}
==External Links==
* {{imslpscore|Overture_in_F_major_(Tchaikovsky,_Pyotr)|Overture in F major}}


==Notes and References==
==Notes and References==
<references>
<references>
<ref name="note1">[[Letter 87]] to [[Modest Tchaikovsky]], written between 8/20 February and 20 February/4 March 1866.</ref>  
<ref name="note1">Tchaikovsky was teaching preparatory classes for the official opening of the [[Moscow]] Conservatory on 1/13 September 1866.</ref>
<ref name="note2">According to the accounts of the Russian Musical Society for 1865/66.</ref>  
<ref name="note2">Tchaikovsky's regulations have not come to light.</ref>
<ref name="note3">See letter from [[Aleksey Apukhtin]] to Tchaikovsky, May 1866 — [[Klin]] House-Museum Archive.</ref>  
<ref name="note3">The play ''The Unbridled Ones'' (Самоуправцы) by Aleksey Pisemsky (1821-1881) was performed at the Maly Theatre in [[Moscow]] on 21 January/2 February 1866, along with ''Allegri'' by [[Viktor Olkhovsky]], who was a relative of the composer by marriage.</ref>
<ref name="note4">{{bib|1952/54|П. И. Чайковский. Полное собрание сочинений ; том 21}} (1952).</ref>
<ref name="note4">Lizaveta Ditlova was a relative of the composer's aunt, [[Yekaterina Alekseyeva]]. Her letter to Tchaikovsky has not survived.</ref>
<ref name="note5">Tchaikovsky's note on the title page reads: "Overture, played under my direction in the presence of G[rand] D[uchess] [[Yelena Pavlovna]] in 1865" (Увертюра, игранная под моим управлением у В. К. Елены Павловны в 1865 г. П. Чайковскйй). On the last page are pencil sketches relating to the revised version.</ref>
<ref name="note5">Neither of these two letters has survived.</ref>
<ref name="note6">An audio reconstruction of the first version of the overture is included in our ''[[First Thoughts]]'' series.</ref>
<ref name="note6">[[Anatoly Tchaikovsky]] was marked 5 out of 20 in his geography examination.</ref>
<ref name="note7">Nothing came of this projected opera, whose subject remains unknown.</ref>
<ref name="note8">Fyodor Kalinovich Nikolsky (1828-1898) was a tenor with the [[Saint Petersburg]] Theatre Company from 1866 to 1871.</ref>
<ref name="note9">Yelizaveta Tarnovskaya's romance ''[[I Remember All (Tarnovskaya)|I Remember All]]'' was set to words by [[Aleksey Pleshcheyev]], and was arranged for piano duet sometime between 1866 and 1868. </ref>
</references>
</references>
[[Category:Orchestral Music]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Letter 0084}}

Revision as of 18:40, 29 March 2020

Date 30 January/11 February 1866
Addressed to Anatoly Tchaikovsky and Modest Tchaikovsky
Where written Moscow
Language Russian
Autograph Location unknown
Publication Жизнь Петра Ильича Чайковского, том 1 (1900), p. 231–233 (abridged)
П. И. Чайковский. Письма к родным (1940), p. 78–79
П. И. Чайковский. Письма к близким. Избранное (1955), p. 26–27
П. И. Чайковский. Полное собрание сочинений, том V (1959), p. 98–99
Piotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Letters to his family. An autobiography (1981), p. 24–25 (English translation)
Notes Manuscript copy in Klin (Russia): Tchaikovsky State Memorial Musical Museum-Reserve

Text and Translation

Based on a handwritten copy in the Klin House-Museum Archive, which may contain differences in formatting and content from Tchaikovsky's original letter.

Russian text
(original)
English translation
By Brett Langston
Воскр[есенье] 30 января 1866 г[ода]

Только что вернулся из Зоологического сада, который здесь очень хорош. Там был сегодня большой праздник, фейерверк и т. д. Неделю эту провел довольно приятно; я имею через Рубиншт[ейна] право входа в Коммер[ческий] клуб, в к[ото]ром есть превосходная библиотека; я набрал из неё множество хороших книг и наслаждаюсь чтением. Над «Пиквикским клубом» Диккенса я смеюсь от всей души без всяких свидетелей, и иногда это мысль, что никто не слышит, как я смеюсь, заставляет меня веселиться ещё более. Советую Вам про читать эту вещь; уж если довольствоваться чтением беллетристики, то по крайней мере нужно выбирать таких писателей, как Диккенс. У него много общего с Гоголем, — то же непосредственность и неподдельность комизма, то же уменье двумя малейшими чертами изобразить целый характер, — хотя глубины Гоголевскойв нем нет.

Уроки мои идут очень успешно, и даже я пользуюсь необыкновенным сочувствием обучаемых мною москвитянок, которые вообще отличаются страстностью и воспламенимостью. На этом месте я был прерван соседями Тарновскимн, приславшими за мною чай пить, а оттуда Рубинштейн повез меня в маскарад Большого театра.

Робость мало-помалу совершенно проходит. Знакомых несколько прибавилось (к несчастью), впрочем, все люди хорошие. В том числе особенно мне нравятся Тарновские, муж и жена, люди очень богатые и страшные любители музыки; M-me Тарновская известный композитор романсов, исполняемых Никольским: «Я помню всё», «3ачем» и т. д. Вчера был на блинах у Кашкина. Этот последний послал Ларошу 10 р[ублей] с[еребром] для приезда на два или на три дня в Москву, и я очень радуюсь при мысли увидеть кого-нибудь из петербургских. У нас теперь все комитеты и прения по поводу здешней консерватории; прения эти очень бурны. Я участвовал на днях в составлении устава и написал огромную инструкцию инспектора, которая была принята без изменений.

О вчерашнем маскараде писать решительно нечего, так как он ничем не отличался от петербургских маскарадов. Скука такая же непроходимая. Был на этой недели в Русском театре и видел «Самоуправцы», трагедию Писемского, и прелестную пиэсу Николая Иван[овича] Ольх[овского]: «Аллегри». Кстати, сходите, любезные братцы, к Ольховским, к Лизав[ете] Павл[овне] Дитловой (к[ото]рая мне писала) и побывайте у Апухтина и Голицына; я не знаю, почему оба последние не отвечают на мои письма; письмо, о к[ото]ром пишет Толя в приписке к письму Моди, я не получал.

Объясни мне, пожалуйста, Толя, отчего ты получил 5 из физ[ической] географии и будет ли это иметь дурные последствия? О том, как проведёте масленицу, напишите мне, пожалуйста, подробно; я со своей стороны расскажу Вам все, что будет интересного. Вероятно, если приедет Ларош, проведу время неразлучно с ним. Начинаю подумывать об опере; все либретто, подаренные мне Рубинштейном, оказались безмерно плохи, я остановился на другом сюжете и хочу сам составлять слова; это будет простая переделка одной трагедии. Здесь есть, впрочем, поэт Плещеев, который согласится помогать мне при этом. Прощайте, мои милые. Если Коля в Петербурге, то влепите ему от меня безешку и скажите, что я ему напишу в Ковно. Кланяйтесь Ипполиту; Лизав[ете] Мих[айловне] скажите, чтоб она не сердилась, что я не пишу. У тети Кати, я надеюсь, Вы будете!

Целую и обнимаю.

П. Чайковский

Sunday 30 January 1866

I've just returned from the Zoological Gardens, which are very good. Today there were great celebrations with fireworks, etc. I've spent this week quite pleasantly; through Rubinstein I've been granted admission to the Commercial Club, which has an excellent library. I've chosen a number of good books from it, and am enjoying reading. I laugh heartily over Dickens' "Pickwick Papers" without any witnesses, and sometimes the thought that there's no-one there to hear me laugh makes it all the more enjoyable. I recommend that you should read this; if we're to be content with reading fiction, then at least it should be by such select writers as Dickens. He has much in common with Gogol — the same authenticity and observational humour, as well as the ability to depict two contrasting aspects of a character, although he lacks the depth of Gogol.

My lessons are very successful [1], and I even get on very well with my Muscovite students, who can generally be classed as passionate and combustible. At this point I was interrupted by my neighbours, the Tarnovskys, who invited me to drink tea, and then Rubinstein took me to a masquerade at the Bolshoi Theatre.

Little by little my shyness is completely disappearing. My acquaintances have increased somewhat (unfortunately), although they are all good people. Among these, I especially like the Tarnovskys, husband and wife, who are very wealthy people, and terribly fond of music. Madame Tarnovskaya is a famous composer of romances, as performed by Nikolsky [2]: "I Remember All, "Why", etc. [3]. Yesterday I had pancakes with Kashkin. The latter sent Laroche 10 silver rubles to come to Moscow for a two or three days, and I'm very happy at the thought of seeing someone from Petersburg. Now we have all the committees and deliberations about the conservatory here; these debates are very stormy. I recently took part in the drafting of the constitution and wrote an enormous set of regulations for the inspector, which were adopted without alteration [4].

So far as yesterday's masquerade is concerned I shall write absolutely nothing, as it was no different from the balls in Petersburg: the same insurmountable tedium. This week at the Russian Theatre I saw "The Unbridled Ones", a tragedy by Pisemsky, and a delightful play by Nikolay Ivanovich Olkhovsky: "Allegri" [5]. By the way, my dear brothers, go to Olkhovsky, to Lizaveta Pavlovna Ditlova (who has written to me [6]), and visit Apukhtin and Golitsyn. I don't know why the last two didn't reply to my letters [7]. I didn't receive the letter from Modya with the postscript from Tolya.

Explain to me please, Tolya, why you got a 5 in physical geography [8], and whether this will have drastic consequences? Please tell me in detail how you are spending Lent; for my part I'll tell you everything of interest. If Laroche comes then I'll probably spend all my time alongside him. I'm starting to think about an opera; all the librettos presented to me by Rubinstein have proved to be immensely bad; I've settled on another subject want to do the text myself; it will be a straightforward adaptation of a tragedy. Incidentally, the poet Pleshcheyev is here, and has agreed to assist me with this [9]. Goodbye my dears. If Kolya is in Petersburg then box him around the ears for me and tell him that I'll write to him in Kovno. Bow to Ippolit; tell Yelizaveta Mikhaylovna not to be angry that I haven't written. I hope you'll be with Aunt Katya!

Kisses and hugs.

P. Tchaikovsky

Notes and References

  1. Tchaikovsky was teaching preparatory classes for the official opening of the Moscow Conservatory on 1/13 September 1866.
  2. Fyodor Kalinovich Nikolsky (1828-1898) was a tenor with the Saint Petersburg Theatre Company from 1866 to 1871.
  3. Yelizaveta Tarnovskaya's romance I Remember All was set to words by Aleksey Pleshcheyev, and was arranged for piano duet sometime between 1866 and 1868.
  4. Tchaikovsky's regulations have not come to light.
  5. The play The Unbridled Ones (Самоуправцы) by Aleksey Pisemsky (1821-1881) was performed at the Maly Theatre in Moscow on 21 January/2 February 1866, along with Allegri by Viktor Olkhovsky, who was a relative of the composer by marriage.
  6. Lizaveta Ditlova was a relative of the composer's aunt, Yekaterina Alekseyeva. Her letter to Tchaikovsky has not survived.
  7. Neither of these two letters has survived.
  8. Anatoly Tchaikovsky was marked 5 out of 20 in his geography examination.
  9. Nothing came of this projected opera, whose subject remains unknown.