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| Tchaikovsky's '''''Slavonic March''''' (Славянский марш) in B-flat minor, [[Op.]] 31 ([[TH]] 45 ; [[ČW]] 42), sometimes known by the French title '''''Marche slave''''', was composed and orchestrated in late September/early October 1876 in [[Moscow]] for a charity concert in aid of victims of the war between Serbia and Turkey.
| | <includeonly>Пятое симфоническое собрание РМО</includeonly><noinclude> {{bibitem |id=1885/4 |Contributors=Galler, Konstantin Petrovich, 1847-1888 (author) |Title=Пятое симфоническое собрание РМО |In=Санкт-Петербургские ведомости [Saint Petersburg] |Edition=18 January 1885 {{OS}} |Imprint=1885 |Format=Article |Language=Russian |Notes=The premiere of the [[Suite No. 3]] on 12/24 January 1885 in Saint Petersburg. The article is signed "К. П. Г." (K. P. G.) }} [[Category:Bibliography (1885)]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Bibliography (1885/004)}}</noinclude> |
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| ==Instrumentation== | |
| The March is scored for an orchestra comprising 2 piccolos, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets (in B-flat), 2 bassoons + 4 horns (in F), 2 cornets (in B-flat), 2 trumpets (in B-flat), 3 trombones, tuba + 3 timpani, military drum, cymbals, bass drum, tam tam + violins I, violins II, violas, cellos, and double basses.
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| ==Duration== | |
| There is one movement: Moderato in modo di Marcia funebre (B-flat minor)—Più mosso. Allegro (B-flat major, 240 bars), lasting around 10 to 12 minutes in performance.
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| ==Composition==
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| The March was commissioned by the director of the Russian Musical Society, [[Nikolay Rubinstein]], for a concert in aid of victims of the conflict between Serbia and Turkey <ref name="note1"/>. Tchaikovsky received the request around 20 September/2 October 1876, and the completed full score is dated 25 September/7 October.
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| During its composition and up to the time of publication, the composer himself referred to the March as the ''Serbo-Russian'': the autograph inscription on the title page of the manuscript score reads: "Serbo-Russian March on Slavonic folk themes" <ref name="note2"/>.
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| ==Arrangements== | |
| Tchaikovsky arranged the March for solo piano simultaneously with the full score.
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| ==Performances==
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| The first performance of the March took place on 5/17 November 1876 in [[Moscow]], conducted by [[Nikolay Rubinstein]] at the first symphony concert of the Russian Musical Society, in aid of the Slavonic Charitable Society. The March had great success and was repeated by popular demand <ref name="note3"/>. Tchaikovsky wrote about this concert on 8/20 November 1876 to [[Aleksandra Davydova]]: "Last Saturday my ''Serbo-Russian'' march was played here for the first time, which produced a whole storm of patriotic enthusiasm" <ref name="note4"/>. | |
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| Other notable early performances included:
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| * [[Saint Petersburg]], Mariinsky Theatre, charity concert, 26 December 1876/7 January 1877, conducted by [[Eduard Nápravník]]
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| * [[Moscow]], Bolshoi Theatre concert, 13/25 February 1877, conducted by Tchaikovsky
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| * Manchester, Hallé Orchestra concert, 19 February/3 March 1881, conducted by Charles Hallé
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| * Boston, Music Hall, 23 February/7 March 1883, conducted by [[George Henschel]]
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| * [[London]], 5th London Symphony Concert, 1/13 December 1887, conducted by [[George Henschel]]
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| * [[Paris]], 23rd [[Colonne]] symphony concert, 24 March/5 April 1891, conducted by Tchaikovsky
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| * [[Moscow]], [[Aleksandr Ziloti]]'s concert, 6/18 November 1891, conducted by Tchaikovsky
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| * [[Saint Petersburg]], Charity Concert, 1/13 December 1891, conducted by Tchaikovsky
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| * Amsterdam, Concertgebouw, matinee concert, 18/30 July 1893, conducted by Jean Renard.
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| ==Publication==
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| In October 1876, the March was printed by [[Pyotr Jurgenson]] in the author's arrangement for piano under the title ''Slavonic March''. The same publisher also printed an arrangement for piano duet by [[Aleksandra Batalina]] in February 1879; the full score in February 1880; and the orchestral parts in December 1887.
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| In 1889, a new edition of the full score and parts was produced <ref name="note5"/>, and in May 1893 an arrangement of the March for two pianos and eight hands by [[Eduard Langer]] was published.
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| The full score and Tchaikovsky's solo piano arrangement of the Slavonic March were published in volumes 24 (1961) and 50Б (1965) respectively of the composer's ''[[Complete Collected Works]]'', edited by Irina Iordan. The statements of the anthem 'God Save the Tsar' were replaced with other music, with the original text confined to footnotes and appendices.
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| ==Autographs==
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| Tchaikovsky's manuscripts of the full score {{TOW2|slavyanskiy-marsh-na-narodno-slavyanskie-temy-2017-08-17|(ф. 88, No. 86)}} and solo piano arrangement {{TOW2|slavyanskiy-marsh-na-narodno-slavyanskie-temy|(ф. 88, No. 87)}} are preserved in the {{RUS-Mcm}} in [[Moscow]].
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| ==Recordings==
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| ==Related Works==
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| Tchaikovsky made use of authentic Serbian folksongs in his Slavonic March, which he marked on the manuscript of the piano arrangement:
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| * ''Sunce jarko, ne sijaš jednako'' [The bright sun doesn't shine everywhere], from bar 5
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| * ''Prag je ovo milog Srba'' [On the borders of our beloved Serbia], from bar 86
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| * ''Jer puščani prah ne zadaje njemu strah'' [Because he does not fear their guns], the fourth section of the song ''Радо иде Србин у војнике'' [The Serb is happy to go to war], from bar 104.
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| The central section and coda (bars 123–134, 205–219) quote from the Russian anthem ''God Save the Tsar'' (Боже Цапя храни) by Aleksey Lvov (1833).
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| ==External Links==
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| * {{imslpscore|Slavonic_March,_Op.31_(Tchaikovsky,_Pyotr)|Slavonic March}}
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| ==Notes and References==
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| <references>
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| <ref name="note1">See [[Letter 862]] to [[Nadezhda von Meck]], 24 June/6 August 1878.</ref>
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| <ref name="note2">See also [[Letter 862]] to [[Nadezhda von Meck]], 24 June/6 August 1878.</ref>
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| <ref name="note3">See [[Letter 1414]] to [[Karl Davydov]], 25 January/6 February 1880.</ref>
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| <ref name="note4">[[Letter 513]] to [[Aleksandra Davydova]], 8/20 November 1876.</ref>
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| <ref name="note5">See [[Letter 4361]] to [[Pyotr Jurgenson]], 30 March/11 April 1891.</ref>
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| </references>
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| [[Category:Orchestral Music]]
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