Letter 4696

Tchaikovsky Research
Date 24 May/5 June 1892
Addressed to Eugen Zabel
Where written Klin
Language French and German
Autograph Location unknown
Publication Anton Rubinstein. Ein Künstlerleben (1892), p. 271–276
П. Чайковский об А. Г. Рубинштейн (10 January 1893), p. 11–12 (Russian translation, abridged)
П. Чайковский об А. Г. Рубинштейн (1893), No. 2, p. 3–4 (Russian translation)
Жизнь Петра Ильича Чайковского, том 3 (1902). p. 538–542 (Russian translation)
П. И. Чайковский. Полное собрание сочинений, том XVI-Б (1979), p. 100–105

Text and Translation

Based on its original publication in Anton Rubinstein. Ein Künstlerleben (1892), which may contain differences in formatting and content from Tchaikovsky's original letter.

French and German text
(original)
English translation
By Luis Sundkvist
Klin, bei Moskau
24 Mai/5 Juni 1892

Hochverehrter Herr Zabel!

Soeben habe ich Ihren werten Brief erhalten und betrachte es als eine sehr angenehme Pflicht sogleich Ihnen meine Antwort zu schicken, aber leider da ich so fürchterlich schlecht deutsch schreibe muss ich französisch fortsetzen. Ich glaube kaum dass Sie in meinen Zeilen etwas interessantes, neues oder wichtiges für Ihre biographische Arbeit finden werden; verspreche Ihnen aber dass ich Ihnen über Rubinstein alles, was ich weiss und fühle, ganz aufrichtig sagen werde.

C'est en 1858 que j'entendis pour la premiere fois le nom d'Antoine Rubinstein. J'avais alors 18 ans, je venais d'entrer dans la classe supérieure de l'Ecole Imp. de Droit et ne m'occupais de musique qu'en qualité de dilettante. Depuis plusieurs années je prenais tous les Dimanches une leçon de piano chez un pianiste très distingué, M. Rodolphe Kundinger. Alors, n'ayant en fait de virtuoses entendu que ce dernier, — je croyais très sincèrement qu'il n'y en avait de plus grand. Un jour, Kundinger arriva à la leçon très distrait, très peu attentif aux gammes et exercices que je jouais devant lui et quand je demandai à cet excellent homme et artiste quelle en était la raison, il me répondit que la veille il avait entendu le pianiste Rubinstein nouvellement arrivé de l'étranger, que cet homme de génie avait produit sur lui une impression tellement profonde qu'il n'en revenait pas et que tout, en fait de virtuosité sur le piano, lui paraissait maintenant tellement mésquin, qu'il lui était aussi insupportable de m'entendre jouer les gammes que de se mettre au piano soi-même.

Je savais combien Kundinger était d'un caractère noble et sincère, j'avais une très haute opinion de son goût et de sa science — et cela fit que mon imagination fut montée ainsi que ma curiosité au plus haut degré. Dans le courant de cette dernière année scolaire, j'eu l'occasion d'entendre Rubinstein et non seulement de l'entendre mais de le voir jouer et conduire l'orchestre. J'appuis sur cette premiere impression du sens de la vue par la raison que, selon ma profonde persuasion, le prestige de R[ubinstein]. est basé non seulement sur son talent incomparable, mais aussi sur un charme invincible qui se dégage de toute sa personnalité, de sorte qu'il ne suffit pas de l'entendre pour la plénitude de l'impression — il faut aussi le voir. Donc, je l'entendis et je le vis. Comme tout le monde je tombai dans son charme. Cependant je terminai mes études, j'entrai au service et continuai à faire dans mes loisirs un peu de musique. Mais peu à peu ma vraie vocation se fit sentir. Je vous épargnerai les détails par ce que cela n'a aucun rapport avec mon sujet, mais seulement je vous dirai que vers l'époque de la fondation du Conservatoire de Pétersbourg en septembre 1862 je n'étais plus un employé au Ministère de Justice, mais un jeune homme décidé à se vouer à la musique et prêt à subir toutes les difficultés que me présageaient mes proches, mécontents de ce que je brisais volontairement une carrière bien commencée. J'entrai au Conservatoire. Mes professeurs furent: M[onsieur] Zaremba pour le contrepoint, la fugue etc., A[nton] R[ubinstein]. (directeur) pour les formes et l'instrumentation. Je suis resté trois ans et demi au Conservatoire. Pendant tout ce temps je voyais R[ubinstein] tous les jours et quelquefois plusieurs fois par jour, excepté les mois de canicules. Quand j'entrai au Conservatoire j'étais déjà, comme je Vous l'ai dit plus haut, un adorateur enthousiaste de R[ubinstein] Mais quand je le connus de plus près, quand je devins son élève et nos rapports devinrent journaliers, — mon enthousiasme pour toute sa personne ne fit que s'accroître. J'adorais en lui non seulement un grand pianiste, un grand compositeur, — mais aussi un homme d'une rare noblesse, franc, loyal, généreux, incapable de sentiments vulgaires et mesquins, d'un esprit clair et droit, d'une bonté infinie, — enfin un homme planant de très haut sur le commun des mortels. Comme maître, il a été d'une valeur incomparable. Il s'y mettait simplement, sans grandes phrases et longues discutations, — mais toujours envisageant son devoir comme très serieux. Il ne se fâcha contre moi qu'une seule fois. Je lui apportai, après les vacances, une ouverture intitulée «L'Orage», dans laquelle j'avais fait des folies d'instrumentation et de forme. Il en fut blessé et prétendit que ce n'est pas pour former des imbéciles qu'il se donnait la peine d'enseigner l'art de la composition. Je sortis du Conservatoire le coeur tout plein de reconnaissance et d'admiration sans bornes pour mon professeur. Comme je Vous l'ai déjà dit, pendant trois ans et quelques mois je le voyais quotidiennement, mais quels étaient nos rapports? Il était un illustre et grand musicien — moi, un modeste élève, ne le voyant que dans l'exercice de ses fonctions et n'ayant presque aucune idée de sa vie intime. Un abîme nous séparait. En quittant le Conservatoire, j'ésperais qu'en travaillant avec courage et en frayant peu à peu mon petit chemin — je pouvais aspirer au bonheur de de voir cet abîme comblé. J'osais ambitionner l'honneur de devenir un ami de Rubinstein.

Il n'en fut point. Presque 30 ans se sont écoulé depuis, mais l'abîme est resté plus grand que jamais. Je devins par mon professorat à Moscou l'ami intime de Nicolas Rubinstein, j'avais le bonheur de voir de temps en temps Antoine, j'ai toujours continué à l'affectionner d'une manière très intense et de le considérer comme le plus grand des artistes et le plus noble des hommes, — mais je ne suis jamais devenu et ne deviendrai jamais son ami. Cette grande étoile fixe gravite toujours dans mon ciel — mais tout en apercevant sa lumière, je la sens très loin de moi.

Il me serait difficile d'en expliquer la raison. Je crois cependant que mon amour propre de compositeur y est pour beaucoup. Dans ma jeunesse j'étais très impatient de faire mon chemin, de me créer un nom, une réputation de compositeur de talent et j'éspérais que R[ubinstein], qui déjà alors avait une grande position dans le monde musical, m'aiderait dans ma course après les lauriers. Mais j'ai la douleur de Vous confesser qu' A[nton] R[ubinstein] ne fit rien, mais rien du tout pour seconder mes plans et mes projets. Jamais, certainement, il ne m'a nui — il est trop noble et trop généreux pour mettre des bâtons dans les roues d'un confrère, mais jamais il ne se départit à mon égard de son ton de réserve et de bienveillante indifférence. Cela m'a toujours profondement affligé. La supposition la plus vraisemblable pour expliquer cette tiédeur blessante, c'est que R[ubinstein] n'aime pas ma musique, que mon individualité musicale lui est antipathique. Maintenant de temps en temps je le vois, toujours avec plaisir, car cet homme extraordinaire n'a qu'à Vous tendre la main et vous adresser un sourire pour qu'on se mette à ses pieds; j'ai eu le bonheur à son jubilé de passer par beaucoup de peines et de fatigues, il est pour moi toujours très correct, très poli, très bienveillant, — mais nous vivons très loin l'un de l'autre et je n'ai positivement rien à vous dire sur sa manière de vivre, sur ses vues et ses projets, enfin rien qui fut digne de l'intérêt des lecteurs futurs de votre livre.

Je n'ai jamais reçu de lettres de R[ubinstein] et je ne lui en ai écrit que deux pour le remercier d'avoir mis sur son programme entre autres morceaux russes, quelques uns des miens, dans ces dernières années.

Vous voyez, cher et très respecté M[onsieur] Zabel, que ma lettre n'a pour votre livre aucune signification. Mais, tout en comprenant que tout ce que je Vous ai écrit n'a aucune valeur au point de vue biographique, j'ai tenu à remplir Votre désir et ai dit sur R[ubinstein] tout ce que je pouvais dire. Si malheureusement j'ai dit trop peu, — ce n'est pas ma faute, ni celle d'Antoine, mais de la fatalité.

Um Gotteswillen ärgern Sie sich nicht dass ich so viel geschmiert habe. Ich muss Morgen abreisen und habe nicht mehr Zeit zum Abschreiben

Ihr ergebenster
P. Tschaikowsky

Klin, near Moscow
24 May/5 June 1892

Much esteemed Herr Zabel!

I have just received your kind letter and consider it a very agreeable duty to send you my answer at once, but since unfortunately my writing in German is so awfully poor, I must continue my letter in French. I hardly think that in these lines you will find anything interesting, new or important for your biographical work [1]. I do, however, promise you that I will tell you with complete frankness everything that I know and feel with regard to Rubinstein

It was in 1858 that I heard the name of Anton Rubinstein for the first time. I was 18 years old at the time, had just begun my final year at the Imperial School of Jurisprudence, and did not occupy myself with music other than in the capacity of a dilettante. For several years I had been having a piano lesson every Sunday with a very distinguished pianist, Mr Rudolf Kündinger [2]. Back then, since I had in effect not heard any virtuosi other than the latter, I wholeheartedly believed that there was no greater pianist. One day, Kündinger came to our lesson with a very distracted air, paying very little attention to the scales and exercises which I played in front of him, and when I asked this excellent man and artist what the reason for this was, he replied that the previous day he had heard the pianist Rubinstein, who had recently returned from abroad: this man of genius had produced so deep an impression on him that he was unable to recover from his astonishment and everything in the realm of piano virtuosity now seemed to him so paltry, that it was equally unbearable for him to hear me play my scales as it was to sit down at the piano himself.

I knew what a noble and honest character Kündinger possessed, I had a very high opinion of his taste and knowledge, and this led to both my imagination and curiosity being heightened to the utmost degree. In the course of my last year at the school I had the opportunity to hear Rubinstein, and not just to hear him, but also to see him play and conduct an orchestra. I stress this first impression of the sense of sight, because it is my profound conviction that Rubinstein's prestige is based not just on his peerless talent, but also on the irresistible charm which emanates from his whole personality, so that it is not sufficient to hear him to get a complete impression — one must r[also see him. And so I heard him and I saw him. Like everyone else, I succumbed to his charm. Meanwhile, I completed my studies, embarked on state service, and continued to make music a bit during my leisure hours. But little by little my true vocation made itself felt. I shall spare you the details, since this has no relevance to the topic of my letter, but let me just tell you that by the time the Saint Petersburg Conservatory was founded in September 1862 I was no longer an official at the Ministry of Justice, but a young man determined to devote himself to music and prepared to endure all the difficulties foretold to me by my nearest and dearest, who were unhappy over the fact that I was ending a career that had started so well. I enrolled at the Conservatory. My teachers were: Mr Zaremba for counterpoint, fugue, etc., Anton Rubinstein (director) for theory and instrumentation. I was at the Conservatory for three and a half years. During this whole period I saw Rubinstein every day, and sometimes several times a day, except for the vacation months. When I started at the Conservatory I was already, as I explained to you above, an enthusiastic admirer of Rubinstein. But when I got to know him better, when I became his pupil and was in contact with him on a daily basis, my enthusiasm for his whole person simply increased. I worshipped in him not merely a great pianist and a great composer, but also a man endowed with a rare nobility, a man who was frank, loyal, generous, incapable of vulgar and petty feelings, of a clear and upright spirit, of an infinite goodness — in short, a man who soared far above the level of ordinary mortals. As a teacher he was of an incomparable value. He went about his teaching in a straightforward way, without high-flown phrases and long preambles, but always treating his task as something very serious. Only once did he get angry with me. This was when after the holidays I brought him an overture entitled The Storm, in which I had committed some follies of instrumentation and form. He was hurt by this and asserted that it was not for the purpose of training idiots that he took the trouble of imparting to us the art of composition. I left the Conservatory with my heart all full of gratitude and limitless admiration for my teacher. As I have already told you, for three years and a few months I saw him every day, but what was our relationship like? He was an illustrious and great musician; I, a humble student who did not see him other than when he was going about his duties, and who had almost no idea whatsoever of his private life. A wide gulf separated us. On my leaving the Conservatory I hoped that by working zealously and carving my small way little by little, I might aspire to the good fortune of seeing this gulf bridged over. I dared to aspire to the honour of becoming a friend of Rubinstein.

It was not to be. Almost 30 years have passed since then, but the gulf has not become any narrower. Through my professorship in Moscow I became the intimate friend of Nikolay Rubinstein, I had the good fortune of seeing Anton from time to time, I have always continued to feel a very strong affection for him and to consider him the greatest of artists and the noblest of men, but I have never become his friend, nor will I ever do so. This great fixed star always hovers in my firmament, but while I constantly perceive its light, I feel how very distant it is from me.

It would be difficult for me to give the reason for this. Still, I believe that my self-esteem as a composer has a lot to do with it. In my youth I was very impatient to carve my way, to make a name for myself and acquire the reputation of a talented composer, and I hoped that Rubinstein, who already then occupied a prominent place in the music world, would help me in my pursuit of laurels. But it pains me to have to confess to you that Anton Rubinstein did not do anything — nothing whatsoever — to support my plans and projects. Of course, he has never harmed me — he is too noble and generous to put a spoke in the wheel of a colleague, but with regard to me he has never deviated from his adopted tone of reserve and benevolent indifference. This has always saddened me profoundly. The most plausible explanation for this wounding tepidness is that Rubinstein does not like my music, that my musical individuality is disagreeable to him. Now I see him every now and then, and always with pleasure, since this extraordinary man has only to stretch out his hand and smile at one for one immediately to fall at his feet; I had the happiness to go through a lot of pains and efforts at the time of his anniversary [3]; he is always very nice to me, very polite and benevolent — but each of us lives very far from the other, and I really have nothing to tell you about his way of life, about his views and creative plans — in short, nothing that would be worthy of the attention of the future readers of your book. .

I have never received any letters from Rubinstein, and I have myself only written twice to him in order to thank him for having included, among other Russian pieces, some of my works in his concert programmes in recent years.

As you can see, dear and esteemed Mr Zabel, my letter is of no significance whatsoever for your book. But, though I realize that all that I have written to you possesses no value whatsoever from the biographical point of view, I have sought to satisfy your request and have said about Rubinstein all that I could. If unfortunately I have said too little, it is not my fault, nor is it Anton's, but rather that of fate.

For God's sake, do not be angry with me for having scribbled so much. I have to leave tomorrow and don't have time to make a fair copy of my letter

Your most devoted
P. Tchaikovsky

Notes and References

  1. Eugen Zabel's monograph Anton Rubinstein. Ein Künstlerleben was published in Leipzig later that year. Tchaikovsky's letter was included in the final chapter, which deals with Rubinstein's return to pedagogical work at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory in the 1880s and his ambitious hopes for the development of music in Russia. Zabel explained that he had also wanted to find out what Rubinstein thought about the new Russian school of music, and that he had therefore written to Tchaikovsky as "the most important representative of the latter" , asking him for information on his relationship to Rubinstein — see Anton Rubinstein. Ein Künstlerleben (1892), p. 270.
  2. Rudolf Kündinger (1832–1913), German pianist and piano teacher, who lived and worked in Russia from the 1850s. In 1879 he became a professor at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory. In his recollections of the lessons he gave to the future composer, he admitted that at that time he failed to recognize in Tchaikovsky any special musical talent: "His abilities were striking: a remarkably keen ear, a good memory, and an excellent hand, but this was not enough to cause me to foresee in him even a splendid performer, much less a composer... The only thing that somewhat caught my attention was his improvising — in this, one did indeed get a faint sense of something rather out of the ordinary. In addition, I was sometimes struck by his flair for harmony" — see Воспоминания о П. И. Чайковском (1980), p. 31–32.
  3. As part of the festivities in November 1889 to mark Anton Rubinstein's 50th anniversary as an artist Tchaikovsky composed the chorus A Greeting to Anton Rubinstein, and conducted two concerts in Saint Petersburg featuring works by Rubinstein, including the oratorio The Tower of Babel, which cost Tchaikovsky a great deal of trouble during the rehearsals.