Letter 3574

Tchaikovsky Research
Date 20 May/1 June 1888
Addressed to Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich
Where written Frolovskoye
Language Russian
Autograph Location Saint Petersburg (Russia): Institute of Russian Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Pushkin House), Manuscript Department (ф. 137, No. 78/8)
Publication Жизнь Петра Ильича Чайковского, том 3 (1902), p. 242–243 (abridged)
П. И. Чайковский. Полное собрание сочинений, том XIV (1974), p. 437–438
К.Р. Избранная переписка (1999), p. 42-43

Text and Translation

Russian text
(original)
English translation
By Luis Sundkvist
С[ело] Фроловское, близ Клина
20-го мая 1888 г[ода]

Ваше Императорское Высочество!

Душевно благодарю Вас за письмо и за присылку «Севастиана-Мученика», которого я немедленно прочитал и спешу, согласно выраженному Вами желанию, сообщить об испытанном мною впечатлении. Оно было в высшей степени приятно. Стихотворение Ваше проникнуто тёплым, искренним христианским чувством, с неотразимым обаянием действующим на читателя. Личность Севастиана нарисована Вами необычайно ярко, рельефно и с первых строк вызывает живейшее сочувствие и любовь. Но я должен признаться, что при первом чтении полноте художественного удовольствия препятствовало несколько то обстоятельство, что весьма живой образ Вашего Севастиана никак не мог ужиться в моём воображении с Севастианом Гвидо Рени (кажется его, в Трибуне, во Флоренции). На этой чудной картине он изображён слишком юным, и когда читаешь у Вас про «года, промчавшиеся стрелой», про «победные лавры вождя» и т. д., то представляешь себе молодого, но зрелого мужа, а память, между тем, назойливо подставляет давно запечатлевшийся в ней образ юноши или даже отрока, каким его представил итальянский художник. Только после вторичного прочтения я мог отделаться от Гвидо Рени, и Ваш Севастиан выделился вполне ясно.

Я считаю, что картина Колизейского праздника чрезвычайно удалась Вам и что в этом эпизоде проявилось такое поразительное мастерство, какому и первостепенные наши поэты могут позавидовать. Вообще, нисколько не увлекаясь желанием говорить Вашему Высочеству лестные слова, я искренно поздравляю Вас с достигнутыми Вами успехами; мне кажется, что «Севастианом» Вы шагнули очень далеко вперёд по пути к художественному и технически-стихотворному совершенству. Стихи Ваши (если не ошибаюсь, у меня в этом отношении есть чуткость) необычайно красивы, сочны, роскошны, звучны. Мне очень нравится, что Вы избрали пятистопный хорей; это чудный размер. Четырёхстопная 8-я строчка каждого восьмистишия придаёт Вашим стихам особенно оригинальную прелесть. В двух-трёх местах я, однако ж, слегка недоумевал. Мне кажется, что в пятистопном хорее благозвучие требует, чтобы первый слог второй стопы имел всегда настоящее ударение. Я просмотрел сейчас стихотворение Лермонтова «Выхожу один я на дорогу». У него правило это (я не знаю, правильно ли это, но таково требование моего слуха) тщательно соблюдено: «выхожȳ», «сквозь тумāн», «ночь тихā», «и звездā» и т. д. и т. д. Между тем у Вас встречается такой стих: «у прĕтōрйāнцĕв стāв трйбȳнŏм». Это «прĕто» — несколько оскорбляет мой слух. Простите мою придирчивость, весьма может быть, что я не имею ни малейшего на то права, но я сообщаю лишь впечатление.

Засим позвольте ещё раз от глубины души поблагодарить Ваше Императорское Высочество и за глубоко тронувшее меня внимание, и за испытанное мною благодаря «Севастиану» художественное наслаждение.

Имею честь быть Вашего Императорского Высочества всепокорнейший слуга.

П. Чайковский

Убедительно прошу извинить скверный почерк, коим это письмо написано, причина сего — нездоровье.

Village of Frolovskoye, near Klin
20th May 1888

Your Imperial Highness!

I thank you cordially for your letter and for sending me "Saint Sebastian", which I read through at once, and, in accordance with the request you made, I now hasten to tell you of the impression it made upon me [1]. It was a highly agreeable one. Your poem is suffused by warm and sincere Christian feeling which has an irresistibly enchanting effect on the reader. You have depicted the figure of Sebastian extraordinarily vividly and strikingly, and from the very first lines he awakens the keenest sympathy and love. However, I must confess that at the first reading the completeness of my aesthetic pleasure was somewhat undermined by the fact that the highly vivid image of your Sebastian could just not tally in my imagination with the Sebastian [2] of Guido Reni (I think it is by him, the painting which hangs in the Tribuna [3], in Florence). On that wonderful painting he is depicted as much too young, and when in your poem I read of the "years which flew past like arrows", of the "victorious warrior's laurels" etc., I picture to myself a young but mature man, whereas my memory keeps substituting for that the image, long ago stamped upon it, of a youth, or even an adolescent, such as the Italian painter depicted him [4]. It was only after a second reading that I was able to shake off Guido Reni so that your Sebastian emerged quite distinctly.

In my view, the scene of the Coliseum feast has come off extremely well in your poem, and indeed this episode displays an astonishing mastery that might well be envied even by our country's foremost poets. In general, without in the least letting myself be carried away by the desire to say flattering words to Your Highness, I would like to congratulate you sincerely on the successes you have attained. I think that with Sebastian you have made a great stride forwards on the path towards artistic and poetico-technical perfection. Your verses (if I am not mistaken, this is something I have a feeling for) are uncommonly beautiful, rich, exuberant, and sonorous. It pleases me very much that you chose trochaic pentameter: that is a wonderful metre. The four-foot eighth line in each octet gives your verses a particularly original charm. In two or three places, though, I was slightly perplexed. It seems to me that in trochaic pentameter euphony requires that the first syllable in the second foot should always have a real stress. I have just looked through Lermontov's poem "I go out on the road alone". There, this rule (I don't know whether it is correct, but it is what my ear asks for) is scrupulously observed: "I go out", "Through the fōg", "Night is still", "And a stār", etc. etc. In your poem, however, we encounter the following verse: "Ā Praĕtōrĭān tribune he became". This "Praĕto" somewhat offends my ear. Forgive my captiousness — it may well be that I am not in the least entitled to it, but I am just sharing with you an impression I had.

After this, allow me to thank Your Imperial Highness once again from the bottom of my heart both for the deeply touching attention which you have shown me [5] and for the aesthetic pleasure which I have experienced thanks to "Sebastian".

I have the honour of remaining Your Imperial Highness's most humble servant.

P. Tchaikovsky

I emphatically beg you to forgive the awful handwriting in which this letter is written. The cause of this is my poor health.

Notes and References

  1. Enclosed with his letter of 15/27 May 1888 Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich had sent Tchaikovsky a copy of his poem St. Sebastian (or, in a more literal translation of the Russian, Sebastian the Martyr) about the captain of the Praetorian guard who was martyred in 288 when Emperor Diocletian found out that he was a secret Christian and was protecting his fellow-believers. He was bound to a tree and shot at with arrows before being beaten to death. The Grand Duke's poem was published in Saint Petersburg in 1888, under his nom-de-plume "K. R.". His letter to Tchaikovsky is included in К.Р. Избранная переписка (1999), p. 41-42.
  2. Tchaikovsky is referring to a work by the famous Italian painter Perugino (properly Pietro di Cristoforo Vannucci; 1452-1523) who was Raphaels teacher. The painting in question is Madonna and Child Enthroned with St. John the Baptist and St. Sebastian (1493) and was originally executed for the church of San Domenico at Fiesole, though it is now housed in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence. Tchaikovsky wrongly attributes it here to Guido Reni (1575-1642), a painter from the Bolognese school who assimilated the fresco technique developed by Raphael — note based on the commentary by L. K. Khitrovo in К.Р. Избранная переписка (1999), p. 43-44.
  3. The "Tribuna" is an octagonal room in Florence's Uffizi Gallery and houses mainly antiquities. Together with several other smaller rooms it was added to the main building of the gallery by the architect Bernardo Buontalenti (d. 1608) after the death of the Uffizi's main architect, Giorgio Vasari (1511-1574). Note by L. K. Khitrovo in К.Р. Избранная переписка (1999), p. 44.
  4. Citing this passage in Tchaikovsky's letter, Alexander Poznansky has noted that "the homoerotic aura of the pictorial image of St. Sebastian is beyond doubt", and that the composer was particularly receptive to this — see Tchaikovsky. The quest for the inner man (1993), p. 502.
  5. In his letter of 15/27 May 1888 the Grand Duke had invited Tchaikovsky to call on him and his wife at their residence in the Marble Palace in Saint Petersburg during his next visit to the imperial capital. Konstantin also noted that he had read several reviews of Tchaikovsky's concerts during his recent tour of Western Europe, and added that he could readily empathise with the homesickness which had so often beset the composer in the course of his three months' absence from Russia.