Herman Laroche
Russian music and literary critic, teacher, and longstanding friend of Tchaikovsky (b. 13/25 May 1845 in Saint Petersburg; d. 6/18 October 1904 in Saint Petersburg), born German Avgustovich Larosh (Герман Августович Ларош).
Tchaikovsky and Laroche
Laroche was already writing music by the age of ten, and in 1860 he began to study piano with Aleksandr Dubuque. He met Tchaikovsky two years later at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory, and the two students became lifelong friends. After graduating from the conservatory in 1866, Laroche, like Tchaikovsky, worked as a professor at the Moscow Conservatory, teaching courses in music history and theory from 1867 to 1870 and 1883 to 1886; for a while he also taught at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory (1872–1875 and 1879).
During the 1870s his attention turned increasingly to music criticism, contributing many articles to newspapers and music journals in Moscow and Saint Petersburg. With some notable exceptions, Tchaikovsky's music was well received by Laroche, and his evaluations were subsequently published in several collected editions.
In May 1875 Laroche's first wife, Anastasya Sushkina (1847–1875) died of consumption, leaving him with three young children — Zinayda (1869–1959), Yevgeny (1870–1940), and Olga (1873–1897). His second marriage, to Aleksandra Ukhtomskaya, broke down during the 1880s, causing Laroche to suffer a creative crisis. During this period Tchaikovsky assisted him with his articles (sometimes dictating them himself), and tried to encourage his musical talents as a composer, orchestrating his sketches for an Overture-Fantasia in 1888. The following year, Laroche married for the third and final time — to Yekaterina Sinelnikova.
After the composer's death, Laroche also wrote a number of valuable memoirs concerning his friend, and their student years in particular.
Arrangements of Works by Laroche
In August and September 1888, Tchaikovsky orchestrated an Overture-Fantasia composed by Laroche. "Some time ago I promised to orchestrate an overture composed by my old friend Laroche, which he partly through inexperience and partly through ill-health, could not score himself. It is a product of exceptional talent, and demonstrates how much music has lost because this gifted genius man is suffering from a lack of confidence which effectively paralyses his creative ability", he told Nadezhda von Meck [1]
Dedications
Tchaikovsky dedicated three of his works to Laroche:
- By the River, By the Bridge, piano piece (1862) [lost]
- Accept Just Once — No. 3 of the Six Romances, Op. 16 (1872–73)
- Thème original et variations — No. 6 of the Six Pieces, Op. 19, for piano (1873) — "à M. Hermann Laroche".
Correspondence with Tchaikovsky
17 letters from Tchaikovsky to Herman Laroche have survived, dating from between 1867 and 1893, of which those highlighted in bold have been translated into English on this website:
- Letter 224 – between 1867 and 1870, from Moscow (the identity of the addressee is uncertain)
- Letter 2491a – 19/31 May 1884, from Kamenka
- Letter 2730a – 3/15 July 1885, from Maydanovo
- Letter 3663 – 10/22 September 1888, from Frolovskoye
- Letter 3693 – 9/21 October 1888, from Frolovskoye
- Letter 3969 – 4/16 November 1889, from Saint Petersburg (addressed jointly to Laroche and his wife Yekaterina)
- Letter 4008 – 18/30 January 1890, from Florence (addressed jointly to Laroche and his wife Yekaterina)
- Letter 4016 – 28 January/9 February 1890, from Florence
- Letter 4037 – 15/27 February 1890, from Florence
- Letter 4087 – 2/14 April 1890, from Rome
- Letter 4116 – 22 May/3 June 1890, from Frolovskoye (addressed jointly to Laroche and his wife Yekaterina)
- Letter 4140 – 5/17 June 1890, from Frolovskoye
- Letter 4181 – 21 July/2 August 1890, from Frolovskoye
- Letter 4259 – 21 November/3 December 1890, from Saint Petersburg
- Letter 5041 – 24 September/6 October 1893, from Moscow
- Letter 5065g – unknown [after 1882], from Moscow
- Letter 5065h – unknown
49 letters from Laroche to Tchaikovsky have survived, dating from 1866 to 1890. One of these is preserved in the Russian National Museum of Music in Moscow (Ф. 37-III-127), another in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art in Moscow, and the remaining 47 are in the Tchaikovsky State Memorial Musical Museum-Reserve at Klin (a4, Nos. 2165–2211) [2].
Bibliography
- For Laroche's writings about Tchaikovsky, see Bibliography Index (L).
- Ларош о Чайковском (1924)
- Ларош и Чайковский (1946)
- Ларош и Чайковский (к 50-летию со дня смерти Г. Лароша) (1954)
- Ларош и Чайковский (1975)
- Автобиография Г. А. Лароша. Материалы к биографий и портрету ученого (1997)
- Чайковский и Ларош. Пример творческого содружества (1997)
- Два письма Г. А . Лароша П. И. Чайковскому (2021)
External Links
Notes and References
- ↑ Letter 3669 to Nadezhda von Meck, 14/26 September 1888.
- ↑ Including one letter from 1883 written jointly with Sergey Taneyev, and another from 1890 written by Laroche and his wife Yekaterina.
